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Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Hindi Language Version of the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT) in the Indian Population

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Abstract

Objectives

To translate the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT) into Hindi and validate it in Indian pediatric cancer patients and survivors.

Methods

The PeNAT-Hindi was finalized by forward and backward translations, and pilot testing. The PeNAT-Hindi was administered to 200 Hindi-speaking pediatric (4–18 y) cancer patients/survivors, in three groups. These included pediatric cancer patients who had recently received chemotherapy (n = 150); who received no chemotherapy within 5 d (n = 25) and survivors (n = 25). Construct validity was tested by comparing scores among the three groups. Test–retest reliability and criterion validity were estimated by the correlation of the first PeNAT score with the second (taken 1 h later) PeNAT score and the number of vomiting/retching episodes, respectively. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were estimated by correlating PeNAT scores with parent-assessed nausea severity, and pain, respectively. The responsiveness was tested by comparing second PeNAT scores with subsequent divergent PeNAT scores among patients reporting subjective change (improvement and worsening, respectively) in nausea severity.

Results

Test–retest reliability of PeNAT-Hindi was good (intraclass correlation = 0.791). The initial PeNAT score had moderate correlation with the number of vomiting/retching episodes (Spearman ρ = 0.401). Median PeNAT scores in group 1 versus groups 2 and 3 were significantly different (p < 0.001). Initial PeNAT scores showed a moderate correlation with parent-assessed nausea (Spearman ρ = 0.657) and a weak correlation with parent-assessed pain (Spearman ρ = 0.319). The responsiveness (standardized response mean) of PeNAT-Hindi to the change in nausea severity was −1.79 (improvement) and 2.19 (worsening), respectively.

Conclusion

PeNAT-Hindi showed good reliability and acceptable validity. It may be used among Hindi-speaking children for measuring nausea. The responsiveness of PeNAT-Hindi needs further evaluation.

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On reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the contribution of every member of the pediatric oncology team of their center for their dedication and exemplary clinical work as well as of every study participant for their participation in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Azgar Abdul Rasheed, Shuvadeep Ganguly, Deepam Pushpam, Ashwati S. Pillai, Anu Theresa Joison, Priya Sharma, Swetambri Sharma & Sameer Bakhshi

  2. Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

    L. Lee Dupuis

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  1. Azgar Abdul Rasheed
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  2. Shuvadeep Ganguly
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  3. Deepam Pushpam
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  4. Ashwati S. Pillai
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  7. Swetambri Sharma
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  8. L. Lee Dupuis
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  9. Sameer Bakhshi
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Contributions

AAR, LLD, DP, and SB conceptualized the study and designed the protocol; AAR, ASP, ATJ, PS, and SS conducted the study; AAR and SG analyzed the data; AAR, SG, LLD, and SB interpreted the results, wrote and edited the manuscript. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript. SB will act as the guarantor for this paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sameer Bakhshi.

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Rasheed, A.A., Ganguly, S., Pushpam, D. et al. Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Hindi Language Version of the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT) in the Indian Population. Indian J Pediatr 91, 149–157 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-022-04436-1

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