Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of Hindi version of Quality of Life of the Infant (QUALIN) for Use in Infants and Toddlers

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To translate Quality of Life of the Infant (QUALIN), cross-culturally adapt the Hindi version of QUALIN (Hi-QUALIN), and evaluate its psychometric properties in children.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary-care center in North India over 21 mo (April 2019 to January 2021). Healthy children (aged 3 to 36 mo) visiting the hospital for vaccination, minor ailments, routine health checkup, and accompanying an ill sibling were included. Children with infantile spasms in same age group were also included. Hindi translations were carried out by bilingual translators who could fluently communicate and write in Hindi and English. Standard Hindi was used to avoid the misinterpretation or misunderstanding. Discriminant and Construct validity was determined utilizing the known-groups method and factor analysis. Reliability was analysed as internal consistency and test–retest reliability.

Results

Four hundred and sixty-four children were recruited through opportunity sample selection method with statistically significant difference between healthy and unhealthy children in total score of Hi-QUALIN (3–12 mo) and (13–36 mo). Finally, Hi-QUALIN (3–12 mo and 13–36 mo) consisted of 29 and 30 items constituting the five extracted factors respectively. Overall internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.92 and 0.88, respectively). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89; p <0.0001) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93–0.96; p <0.0001) indicating excellent test–retest reliability.

Conclusions

Hi-QUALIN has good psychometric properties and can be used for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement in young children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

On a reasonable request.

References

  1. Muragundi P, Tumkur A, Shetty R, Naik A. Health-related quality of life measurement. J Young Pharma. 2012;4:54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Solans M, Pane S, Estrada MD, et al. Health-related quality of life measurement in children and adolescents: a systematic review of generic and disease-specific instruments. Value Health. 2008;11:742–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tierney AL, Nelson CA 3rd. Brain development and the role of experience in the early years. Zero Three. 2009;30:9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Manificat S, Dazord A, Langue J, et al. Evaluation of the quality of life of infants and very young children: validation of a questionnaire. Multicenter European study. Arch Pediatr. 2000;7:605–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Varni JW, Limbers CA, Neighbors K, et al. The PedsQL™ infant scales: feasibility, internal consistency reliability, and validity in healthy and ill infants. Qual Life Res. 2011;20:45–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fekkes M, Theunissen NC, Brugman E, et al. Development and psychometric evaluation of the TAPQOL: a health-related quality of life instrument for 1-5-year-old children. Qua life Res. 2000;9:961–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Raat H, Landgraf JM, Oostenbrink R, Moll HA, Essink-Bot ML. Reliability and validity of the Infant and toddler quality of life questionnaire (ITQOL) in a general population and respiratory disease sample. Qual Life Res. 2007;16:445–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Verstraete J, Ramma L, Jelsma J. Validity and reliability testing of the toddler and infant(TANDI) health related quality of life instrument for very young children. J Patient RepOutcomes. 2020;4:94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chernikov VV. Development of the Russian version of the questionnaire QUALIN to study the quality of life of young children. Questions Contemp Pediatr. 2009;8:14–8.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dunamalyan RA. Quality of life in younger children as a criterion for the state of health assessment. The New Armenian Medical Journal. 2014;8:63–8.

  11. World Atlas. Hindi speaking countries. 2021. Available at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/hindi-speaking-countries.html#:~:text=Hindi%20Speaking%20Countries-,India,the%20first%20or%20second%20language. Accessed on 7 Mar 2022.

  12. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25:3186–91.

  13. Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, et al. ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health. 2005;8:94–104.

  14. McHorney CA, Tarlov AR. Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Qual life Res. 1995;4:293–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Aramanadka R, Sahu JK, Madaan P, Sankhyan N, Malhi P, Singhi P. Epilepsy and neuro developmental outcomes in a cohort of west syndrome beyond two years of age. Indian J Pediatr. 2021;8:1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Maskey R, Fei J, Nguyen H-O. Use of exploratory factor analysis in maritime research. Asian J Shipp Logist. 2018;34:91–111.

  17. Beck L, Jung C, Hanh T, Bellaiche M. quality of life of infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a large prospective observational study. Int J Child Health Nutr. 2017;6:62–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Darteyre S, Renaud C, Vuillerot C, et al. AVCnn Group. Quality of life and functional outcome in early school-aged children after neonatal stroke. a prospective cohort study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2014;18:347–53.

  19. Dunamalyan R, Mardiyan M, Danielyan L, Mkrtchyan S, Chopikyan A. Quality of life of children with rickets in young age in armenia. Georgian Med News. 2017:60–4.

  20. Bhanudeep S, Madaan P, Sankhyan N, et al. Long-term epilepsy control, motor function, cognition, sleep and quality of life in children with West syndrome. Epilepsy Res. 2021;173:106629.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincerest thanks to Prof. Manificat Sabine (the original developer of the QUALIN) who gave them opportunity to cross-culturally adapt the QUALIN and validate it in Hindi. They also would like to thank all the participants who participated in this study.

Funding

This study was supported by NIPER S.A.S. Nagar as it was a part of NIPER-funded PhD project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India

    Nagita Devi & Dipika Bansal

  2. Pediatric Neurology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India

    Priyanka Madaan & Jitendra Kumar Sahu

  3. Dr BR Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Bhavneet Bharti

Authors
  1. Nagita Devi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Priyanka Madaan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jitendra Kumar Sahu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bhavneet Bharti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dipika Bansal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ND contributed to concept and study design, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript draft; PM contributed to critical interpretation of the analyses, manuscript draft, and critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content; JKS contributed by conception and planning of the study, providing administrative support, and critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content; BB contributed by providing sample data and administrative support; DB contributed by conception and planning of the study, providing administrative support, and critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. JKS will act as the guarantor for this paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jitendra Kumar Sahu or Dipika Bansal.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

This study was proceeded after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Consent to Participate

Written informed or web-based informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participating children before enrollment in the study.

Conflict of Interest

None.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 388 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Devi, N., Madaan, P., Sahu, J.K. et al. Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of Hindi version of Quality of Life of the Infant (QUALIN) for Use in Infants and Toddlers. Indian J Pediatr 90, 124–130 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-022-04132-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-022-04132-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation