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Spectrum of Movement Disorders and Correlation with Functional Status in Children with Cerebral Palsy

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Abstract

Objectives

To detail the spectrum of movement disorders (MD) among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and assess impact on functional status.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, children with CP were recruited and examined for various MDs. Tone abnormality was assessed using Hypertonia Assessment Tool (HAT), functional status using Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS E&R), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS). These scores were classified into mild–moderate (level I–III)/severe (level IV–V) categories.

Results

A total of 113 children (mean age 4.9 ± 3.4 y, 66.4% boys) were enrolled. MDs were noted in 52 (46%) children; the most frequent were dystonia (28%), chorea (14%), choreoathetosis (8%). Of 64 children with quadriparetic CP, 27 (42.2%) demonstrated MDs. Of 19 children with hemiparetic CP, 2 (10.5%) had MDs. Of 16 children with dyskinetic CP, 15 (93%) had MDs. Children with dyskinetic CP had significantly higher frequency of MDs (p = 0.001). There was no difference in occurrence of all MDs or dystonia aloneamongst the two categories (mild–moderate/severe) of GMFCS E&R levels, CFCS levels or MACS levels.

Conclusion

Although diverse MDs occur frequently in CP, these do not correlate with the broad functional status of the child. The study is limited by small sample size.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the patients and their families for their participation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India

    Narayanaswamy Suresh, Sharmila B. Mukherjee & Suvasini Sharma

  2. Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India

    Divyani Garg

  3. Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India

    Sanjay Pandey

  4. Delhi Cancer Registry, Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Rajeev Kumar Malhotra

  5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India

    Ritu Majumdar

Authors
  1. Narayanaswamy Suresh
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  2. Divyani Garg
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  3. Sanjay Pandey
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  4. Rajeev Kumar Malhotra
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  5. Ritu Majumdar
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  6. Sharmila B. Mukherjee
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  7. Suvasini Sharma
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Contributions

NS collected the data and drafted the paper; SS guided the study and is the guarantor for this paper; DG Helped in data interpretation, analysis, literature review, and writing; RM, SP helped in data collection and execution of the study; RKM helped in statistical analysis and data interpretation; SBM guided the study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suvasini Sharma.

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Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the patients’ guardian.

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Suresh, N., Garg, D., Pandey, S. et al. Spectrum of Movement Disorders and Correlation with Functional Status in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Indian J Pediatr 89, 333–338 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03785-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03785-7

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