Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Failure to Thrive

  • General Practitioners’ Column
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Failure to thrive is poor physical growth that results when the nutritional demands of young children are not fulfilled. This diagnosis is made when, on serial growth monitoring, the child’s anthropometric parameters such as weight for age and/or height are found to be significantly below the expected values. A detailed evaluation by the treating physician, taking into account physical and psychosocial factors affecting the child’s health is essential for understanding the factors contributing to failure to thrive. The treatment of this entity requires a multidisciplinary approach, correcting the macro and micronutrient deficiency in the child as well as education of parents regarding age-appropriate feeding recommendation for children. In addition, parents need to be apprised of the possible implications of malnutrition on growth and neurodevelopment of the child. Early childhood being a crucial period for growth and development, an early diagnosis and treatment will result in better outcomes in children with failure to thrive.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bithoney WG, Dubowitz H, Egan H. Failure to thrive/growth deficiency. Pediatr Rev. 1992;13:45–60.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Smith MM, Lifshitz F. Excess fruit juice consumption as a contributing factor in nonorganic failure to thrive. Pediatrics. 1994;93:438–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Raynor P, Rudolf MC. Anthropometric indices of failure to thrive. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82:364–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rider EA, Bithoney WG. Medical assessment and management and the organization of medical services. In: Kessler DB, Dawson P, eds. Failure to Thrive and Pediatric Undernutrition: A Transdisciplinary Approach. Baltimore: Brookes; 1999. pp. 173–94.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sills RH. Failure to thrive. The role of clinical and laboratory evaluation. Am J Dis Child. 1978;132:967–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schmitt BD, Mauro RD. Nonorganic failure to thrive: An outpatient approach. Child Abuse Negl. 1989;13:235–48.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Maggioni A, Lifshitz F. Nutritional management of failure to thrive. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1995;42:791–810.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Babson SG. Growth of low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr. 1970;77:11–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cronk C, Crocker AC, Pueschel SM, et al. Growth charts for children with Down syndrome: 1 month to 18 years of age. Pediatrics. 1988;81:102–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Black M, Dubowitz H, Krishnakumar A, Starr RH. Early intervention and recovery among children with failure to thrive: Follow-up at age 8. Pediatrics. 2007;120:59–69.

    Google Scholar 

  11. WHO, UNICEF, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses, 2003.

  12. Oates RK, Peacock A, Forrest D. Long-term effects of nonorganic failure to thrive. Pediatrics. 1985;75:36–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Heffer RW, Kelley ML. Nonorganic failure to thrive: Developmental outcomes and psychosocial assessment and intervention issues. Res Dev Disabil. 1994;15:247–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gahagan S, Holmes R. A stepwise approach to evaluation of undernutrition and failure to thrive. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998;45:169–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dykman RA, Casey PH, Ackerman PT, McPherson WB. Behavioral and cognitive status in school-aged children with a history of failure to thrive during early childhood. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2001;40:63–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Drewett RF, Corbett SS, Wright CM. Cognitive and educational attainments at school age of children who failed to thrive in infancy: A population-based study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40:551–61.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Drotar D, Robinson J. Researching failure to thrive: Progress, problems, and recommendations. In: Kessler DB, Dawson P, eds. Failure to Thrive and Pediatric Undernutrition: A Transdisciplinary Approach. Baltimore: Brookes; 1999. pp. 77–95.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rudolf MC, Logan S. What is the long term outcome for children who fail to thrive? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:925–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest

None.

Role of Funding Source

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sushma Nangia.

Additional information

Guest Editor: Bhim S. Pandhi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nangia, S., Tiwari, S. Failure to Thrive. Indian J Pediatr 80, 585–589 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1003-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1003-1

Keywords

Navigation