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Targeting CXCL9/10/11–CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity

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Abstract

Chemokines are chemotactic-competent molecules composed of a family of small cytokines, playing a key role in regulating tumor progression. The roles of chemokines in antitumor immune responses are of great interest. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are important members of chemokines. It has been widely investigated that these three chemokines can bind to their common receptor CXCR3 and regulate the differentiation, migration, and tumor infiltration of immune cells, directly or indirectly affecting tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we summarize the mechanism of how the CXCL9/10/11–CXCR3 axis affects the tumor microenvironment, and list the latest researches to find out how this axis predicts the prognosis of different cancers. In addition, immunotherapy improves the survival of tumor patients, but some patients show drug resistance. Studies have found that the regulation of CXCL9/10/11–CXCR3 on the tumor microenvironment is involved in the process of changing immunotherapy resistance. Here we also describe new approaches to restoring sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors through the CXCL9/10/11–CXCR3 axis.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No.81770090 No. 81900096 No. 81973990 No.82100111].

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  1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China

    Minjie Pan, Xiaoshan Wei, Xuan Xiang, Yanhong Liu, Qiong Zhou & Weibing Yang

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  1. Minjie Pan
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  2. Xiaoshan Wei
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  3. Xuan Xiang
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  4. Yanhong Liu
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MJP and XSW: wrote the manuscript, XX and YHL: provided valuable comments, QZ: supervised the study, WBY: conceived the idea and designed. All authors contributed significantly to this work and agreed to be accountable for the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Pan, M., Wei, X., Xiang, X. et al. Targeting CXCL9/10/11–CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity. Clin Transl Oncol 25, 2306–2320 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-023-03126-4

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