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Metagenomic Analysis of the Faecal Microbiome of Rats with 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine Induced Colon Cancer and Prophylactic Whole-Cell Carotenoid Intervention

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Abstract

Rapidly evolving sequencing technologies have enabled efficient sequencing of complex genomes and metagenomes. Here, we have presented our metagenomic analysis of rat faeces isolated DNA, sequenced using long-read sequencing technology. The microbiome changes in the rat faeces after sixteen weeks of prolonged administration of subcutaneous 1,2 dimethylhydrazine to induce colon carcinogenesis and oral carotenoid-rich whole-cell lyophilised Dunaliella salina supplement. The faecal pellets were aseptically collected, and DNA was isolated and sequenced subsequently. The post-sequencing analysis revealed that the rat gut microbiome is highly complex and diverse. There was a significant difference between the microbiome of rats that received Dunaliella salina supplement in comparison with rats treated with 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and control rats. We observed the dominance of Bacteroidetes over Firmicutes in both cases of administration. The dominance was notably contributed by individuals like B. vulgatus, B. dorei, B. fragilis, P. ruminicola, and P. copri. The presence of protozoans like Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, and Leishmania was also identified among other commensal eukaryotes. Moreover, there was an abundant presence of bacteriophages targeting probiotic organisms like Lactobacillus among the identified DNA viruses.

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Availability of Data

The raw sequence reads of this metagenome project are submitted at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) and can be accessed using Accession Number PRJNA622417.

Abbreviations

DSLP:

Dunaliella salina Lyophilised powder

DMH:

Dimethyl hydrazine

MG RAST:

Metagenomics rapid annotation based on subsystems technology

GUS:

Glucuronidase

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India

    Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayagam & Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan

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  1. Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayagam
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  2. Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
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Correspondence to Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan.

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Gomathinayagam, S., Kodiveri Muthukaliannan, G. Metagenomic Analysis of the Faecal Microbiome of Rats with 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine Induced Colon Cancer and Prophylactic Whole-Cell Carotenoid Intervention. Indian J Microbiol 61, 38–44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00909-z

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