Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of Bacterial Biodiversity and Enzyme Production in Three Hypersaline Lakes; Urmia, Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research is a comparative study on the diversity of halophilic bacteria with hydrolytic activities in three significant hypersaline lakes; Urmia in the northwest and Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol in the central desert in Iran. Isolated strains from these saline lakes were found to be halotolerant, moderately and extremely halophilic bacteria. The bacteria in each saline lake were able to produce different hydrolytic enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase, DNase, inulinase, xylanase, carboxy methyl cellulase, pectinase and pullulanase. 188, 302, 91 halophilic strains were isolated from Urmia Lake, Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol playa, respectively. The numbers of Gram-positive strains were more than Gram-negatives, and among Gram-positive bacteria; spore-forming bacilli were most abundant. Due to the unique physico-chemical conditions of the lake environments, the hydrolytic activities of isolated strains were significantly different. For instance, isolated strains from Howz-Soltan playa did not produce pectinase, DNase, amylase, lipase and inulinase, while the isolates from Aran-Bidgol playa had a great ability to produce pectinase and DNase. The strains from Urmia Lake were also good producers of DNase but failed to show any chitinase activity. The diversity of halophilic bacteria from the mentioned three saline lakes was also determined using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA followed by phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Oren A (2002) Diversity of halophilic microorganisms: environments, phylogeny, physiology and applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 28:56–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rohban R, Amoozegar MA, Ventosa A (2008) Screening and isolation of halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolases from Howz-Soltan Lake, Iran. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:333–340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Makhdoumi KA, Amoozegar MA, Kazemi B, Pasic L, Ventosa A (2012) Prokaryotic diversity in Aran-Bidgol Salt Lake, the largest hypersaline playa in Iran. Microbes Environ 27:87–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Babavalian H, Amoozegar MA, Pourbabaee AA, Moghaddam MM, Shakeri F (2013) Isolation and identification of moderately halophilic bacteria producing hydrolytic enzymes from the largest hypersaline playa in Iran. Microbiology 82:466–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Eimanifar A, Mohebbi F (2007) Urmia Lake (northwest Iran): a brief review. Saline Syst 3:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. DasSarma S, DasSarma P (2012) Halophiles. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000394.pub3

  7. Lourdes MM, Perez D, Teresa GM, Mellado E (2013) Halophilic bacteria as a source of novel hydrolytic enzymes. Life 3:38–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Amoozegar MA, Malekzadeh F, Malik KA (2003) Production of amylase by newly isolated moderate halophile Halobacillus sp. strain MA-2. J Microbiol Methods 52:353–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Amoozegar MA, Fatemi AZ, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Razavi MR (2007) Production of an extracellular alkaline metalloprotease from a newly isolated, moderately halophile, Salinivibrio sp. strain AF-2004. Microbiol Res 162:369–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Amoozegar MA, Schumann P, Hajighasemi M, Fatemi AZ (2008) Salinivibrio proteolyticus sp. nov. a moderately halophilic and proteolytic species from a hypersaline lake in Iran. Int J Syst Microbiol 58:1159–1163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Amoozegar MA, Hajighasemi M, Ziaee AA, Ventosa A (2009) Production, optimization and purification of a novel extracellular protease from the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus karajensis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:21–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shafiei M, Ziaee AA, Amoozegar MA (2012) Purification and characterization of an organic-solvent-tolerant halophilic alpha amylase from the moderately halophilic Nesterenkonia sp. strain F. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 38:275–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Siroosi M, Amoozegar MA, Khajeh K, Fazeli M, Rezaei MH (2014) Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular halophilic and organic solvent-tolerant amylopullulanase from the haloarchaeon, Halorubrum sp. strain Ha25. Extremophiles 18:25–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sanchez-Porro C, Martin S, Mellado E, Ventosa A (2002) Diversity of moderately halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. J Appl Microbiol 94:295–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Makhdoumi KA, Amoozegar MA, Mahmodi KE (2011) Diversity of hydrolytic enzymes in haloarchaeal strains isolated from salt lake. Int J Environ Sci Technol 8:705–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Martin S, Marquez M, Sanchez-Porro C, Mellado E, Arahal DR, Ventosa A (2003) Marinobacter lipolytic sp. nov. a novel moderate halophile with lipolytic activity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1383–1387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Amoozegar MA, Salehghamari E, Khajeh K, Kabiri M, Naddaf S (2008) Production of an extracellular thermohalophilic lipase from a moderately halophilic bacterium, Salinivibrio sp. strain SA-2. J Basic Microbiol 48:160–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kamble KD, Kadu SS (2012) Enhancement of DNase production from a moderate halophilic bacterium and studies on its phylogeny. Int J Environ Sci 3:1031–1037

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jayani RS, Shukla SK, Gupta R (2010) Screening of bacterial strains for polygalacturonase activity: its production by Bacillus sphaericus (MTCC 7542). Enzym Res 3:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li AX, Guo LZ, Fu Q, Lu WD (2011) A simple and rapid plate assay for screening of inulin-degrading microorganisms using Lugol’s iodine solution. Afr J Biotechnol 10:9518–9521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhou XH, Li Z (2004) CMCase activity assay as a method for cellulose adsorption analysis. Enzym Microb Technol 35:455–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Khandeparker R, Verma P, Deobagkar D (2011) A novel halotolerant xylanase from marine isolate Bacillus subtilis cho40: gene cloning and sequencing. N Biotechnol 28:814–821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sanchez-Porro C, Amoozegar MA, Fernandez AB, Babavalian H, Ramezani M, Ventosa A (2010) Lentibacillus persicus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic species isolated from a saline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1407–1412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ventosa A, Quesada E, Rodriguez-Valera F, Ruiz-Berraquero F, Ramos-Cormenzana A (1982) Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic gram-negative rods. J Gen Microbiol 128:1959–1968

  25. Hanelt I, Muller V (2013) Molecular mechanisms of adaptation of the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillis halophilus to its environment. Life 3:234–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Sundarakrishnan B, Pushpanathan M, Jayashree S, Rajendhran J, Sakthivel N, Jayachandran S, Gunasekaran P (2012) Assessment of microbial richness in pelagic sediment of Andaman Sea by bacterial tag encoded FLX titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). Indian J Microbiol 52:544–550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen J, Yin X (2013) Stratified communities of methanogens in the Jiulong River estuarine sediments, southern China. Indian J Microbiol 53:432–437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Silva AE, Villanueva WJ, Knidel H, Bonato VC, Reis SF, Von Zuben FJ (2005) A multi-neighbor-joining approach for phylogenetic tree reconstruction and visualization. Genet Mol Res 4:525–534

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Soltis PS, Soltis DE (2003) Applying the bootstrap in phylogeny reconstruction. Stat Sci 18:256–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kumar S, Karan R, Kapoor S, Singh SP, Khare SK (2012) Screening and Isolation of Halophilic bacteria producing industrially important enzymes. Braz J Microbiol 43:1595–1603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported and conducted by University of Tehran. We would like to thanks from our colleagues in the Extremophiles Lab Group for their kind assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Babavalian, Fatemeh Shakeri & Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam

  2. Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Amoozegar & Shirin Zahraei

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Campus of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Rokhsareh Rohban

Authors
  1. Hamid Babavalian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shirin Zahraei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rokhsareh Rohban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fatemeh Shakeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Ali Amoozegar.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 217 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Babavalian, H., Amoozegar, M.A., Zahraei, S. et al. Comparison of Bacterial Biodiversity and Enzyme Production in Three Hypersaline Lakes; Urmia, Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol. Indian J Microbiol 54, 444–449 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-014-0481-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-014-0481-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation