Abstract
The perceived intensity of the taste of a food is enhanced only if the odor of the food is perceptually similar to the taste. For example, a caramel-like odor enhances the perceived intensity of sweetness. The way gustatory and olfactory signals are integrated in the brain depends largely on one’s previous experiences with taste and odor pairings. To elucidate the effects of a sweet, sugary odor, ethylmaltol, on sucrose taste, as perceived by the central integration of flavor, we recorded salivary hemodynamic responses to the odor and taste pairings using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of seven panelists. First, we observed concentration-dependent increases in the amplitude of the responses to 0 to 6 % sucrose solutions. Second, when ethylmaltol odor was added to a 4 % sucrose solution, we observed a significant increase in the amplitude of the responses from all panelists. The addition of ethylmaltol to a tasteless solution caused no significant change in the amplitude of the salivary hemodynamic response. These results indicate that the sweet odor of ethylmaltol enhances the salivary hemodynamic response when combined with a sweet taste. Therefore, a congruent combination of sweet odor and taste greatly enhances salivary responses, which are dependent on the central integration of odor and taste.
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Abbreviations
- NIRS:
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy
- EEG:
-
Electroencephalography
- [oxyHb]:
-
Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration
- [deoxyHb]:
-
Deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- SEM:
-
Standard error of the mean
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Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to Dr. M. Ishikawa for his constant encouragement. We are indebted to Professor T. Fushiki, from Kyoto University, for his useful suggestions.
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There is no conflict of interest in this publication.
All procedures and methods were in accordance with the policies and principles described in the Declaration of Helsinki as described in Material and Method.
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Saito-Iizumi, K., Nakamura, A., Matsumoto, T. et al. Ethylmaltol Odor Enhances Salivary Hemodynamic Responses to Sucrose Taste as Detected by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Chem. Percept. 6, 92–100 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12078-013-9142-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12078-013-9142-3