Abstract
Aim
The study aims to investigate the correlation between grade of adenoid hypertrophy and severity of hearing loss and to profile tympanometric findings in children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.
Materials and methods
A within group comparison study was carried out in Father Muller College, Department of Speech and Hearing, Mangalore where 123 patients diagnosed with Adenoid Hypertrophy (86 males and 37 females; mean age 7.146; range 2 to 12 years) were analyzed using detailed case history, Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and Tympanometry.
Results
The most prevalent presenting problems with adenoid hypertrophy were snoring (68.29%), mouth breathing (57.72%) and reduced hearing (35.77%). PTA results showed majority had bilateral hearing loss (60.27%). In the 230 ears that were tested, 50.85% had hearing loss. Majority of these ears had a minimal loss (23.91%), followed by mild loss (18.69%), moderate loss (7.82%), and moderately severe loss (0.43%). No correlation was found between the grade of Adenoid hypertrophy and the severity of hearing loss noted (p > 0.05). According to tympanometric findings, the most common tympanogram pattern was ‘B’ type (39.15%), ‘A’ type (31.60%), and ‘C’ type (18.39%). A small proportion of the population had ‘As’ (4.71%), ‘Cs’ (5.66%), and ‘Ad’ (0.47%). No correlation was found between the grade of adenoid hypertrophy and the type of tympanogram obtained (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In a significant percentage of cases, Adenoid hypertrophy affects the middle ear leading to conductive hearing loss. If left untreated it can lead to delayed speech and language development, auditory processing disorders, mental retardation, and physical and social complications. These are avoidable through primary health care education, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kondekar S, Phatale S, Arickatt T, Soni A (2020) Proposed clinical and radiological grading system in pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. J Pediatr Association India 9(4):146
Halder AL, Biswas SS (2022) Prevalence and clinical presentation of adenoid hypertrophy among children attending at pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care general hospital of Dhaka. BIRDEM Med J 12(2):111–116
Brodsky L, Koch RJ (1993) Bacteriology and Immunology of Normal and Diseased adenoids in Children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119(8):821–829
Arambula A, Brown JR, Neff L (2021) Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 7(3):155–160
Cassano P, Gelardi M, Cassano M, Fiorella ML, Fiorella R (2003) Adenoid tissue rhinopharyngeal obstruction grading based on fiberendoscopic findings: A novel approach to therapeutic management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 20];67(12):1303–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14643473/
Günel C, Ermişler B, Başak HS (2014) The effect of adenoid hypertrophy on tympanometric findings in children without hearing loss. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 24(6):334–338
Rapin I (1979) Conductive hearing loss: effects on children’s language and scholastic skills; a review of the literature. Annals Otology Rhinology Laryngology 88:3–12 5 II Suppl. 60
Sarwar SM, Rahman M, Ali MI, Alam M, Hossain A, Sanyal NP (2015) Correlation of Enlarged adenoids with conductive hearing impairment in children under twelve. Original Article Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 21(2):62–68
Khadgi A, Koirala K, Maharjan S, Chalise K, Dhungana I, Babu Karki B (2023) Correlation of Conductive Hearing Impairment With Sizes of Adenoids in the Pediatric Age Group: An Observational Case-Control Study. Cureus
Manno A, Iannella G, Savastano V, Vittori T, Bertin S, Pasquariello B et al (2021) Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy: The Role of Adenoidectomy for Improving Ear Ventilation. Ear Nose Throat J [Internet]. Jan 20 [cited 2024 Mar 20]; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561321989455
Syed KA, Naina P, Sebastian S, Varghese AM (2019) A case–control study on the Association between Endoscopic ACE Grade of Adenoid Hypertrophy and hearing loss in children and its impact on Speech and Language Development. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 71(2):150–154
Nwosu C, Uju Ibekwe M, Obukowho Onotai L (2016) Tympanometric findings among children with adenoid hypertrophy in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int J Otolaryngol 1–4
Rajashekhar RP, Shinde VV (2018) Tympanometric changes following adenoidectomy in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 4(2):391
Pereira L, Monyror J, Almeida FT, Almeida FR, Guerra E, Flores-Mir C et al (2018) Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 38:101–112
Durgut O, Dikici O (2019) The effect of adenoid hypertrophy on hearing thresholds in children with otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 124(35):116–119
Toros SZ, Kiliçoǧlu G, Noşeri H, Naiboǧlu B, Kalaycik Ç, Külekçi S et al (2010) Does adenoid hypertrophy really have effect on tympanometry? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 74(4):365–368
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Crasta, C., Dsouza, J. Audiological Profile in Adenoid Hypertrophy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04714-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04714-8