Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) is well known to be a major public health problem globally. On the other hand, HIV/AIDS is associated with various otorhinolaryngological manifestations. On the other hand, there has been a global reduction in the burden of otorhinolaryngological manifestations since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy though there are limited studies on otorhinolaryngological manifestations among HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania. A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ilala District in Dar es Salaam from November 2022 to March 2023 where 380 study participants were recruited using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and analysis was done by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Of all the 380 patients recruited in this study, 22 (5.8%) had otorhinolaryngological manifestations. Most of the patients with otorhinolaryngological manifestations were males (6.1%) in the age group 0–9 years (23.1%) followed by those aged 10–19 years (18.8%). The commonest otorhinolaryngological manifestations were allergic rhinitis (22.7%) and otitis externa (22.7%) followed by hearing loss (18.2%), Kaposi’s sarcoma (13.7%), tonsillitis (9.1%), chronic suppurative otitis media, (4.5%) sinusitis (4.5%) and adenoid hypertrophy (4.5%). Otitis externa predominated in males (23.1%) while allergic rhinitis predominated in females (33.3%). Similarly, a significant association was found between the occurrence of otorhinolaryngological manifestations with CD4 counts (p-value = 0.001) and viral load (p-value = 0.000). Otorhinolaryngological manifestations among patients living with HIV/AIDS and on highly active antiretroviral therapy were less prevalent. Males outnumbered females in terms of being affected by otorhinolaryngological manifestations. Allergic rhinitis and otitis externa were the commonest otorhinolaryngological manifestations and most of participants with otorhinolaryngological manifestations had viral load of greater than 100 copies and CD4 counts of less than 200cells/mm3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Prasad HK, Bhojwani KM, Shenoy V, Prasad SC (2006) HIV manifestations in otolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol 27(3):179–185
Shija PS, Karaba JA, Philemon RN, Minja BL, Mtenga PP, Katundu DR (2020) Prevalence of ear nose and Throat (ENT) manifestations among HIV seropositive patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania: a descriptive cross-sectional study. HIV/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care. 16:425–429
Lubbe DE (2004) HIV and ENT: main topic. CME: Your SA J CPD 22(5):250–253
Taipale A, Pelkonen T, Taipale M, Roine I, Bernardino L, Peltola H, Pitkäranta A (2011) Otorhinolaryngological findings and hearing in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in a developing country. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 268:1527–1532
Data UNAIDSUNAIDS (2018) 2018;1–376
Masele A, Sohal KS, Kalyanyama BM, Owibingire SS, Simon EN (2020) Head and neck lesions among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy attending the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Front Oral Maxillofac Med 2:2
Kharsany AB, Karim QA (2016) HIV infection and AIDS in sub-saharan Africa: current status, challenges and opportunities. open AIDS J 10:34
Rubaihayo J, Tumwesigye NM, Konde-Lule J, Wamani H, Nakku-Joloba E, Makumbi F (2016) Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. BMC Res Notes 9(1):1–6
Rzewnicki I, Olszewska E, Rogowska-Szadkowska D (2012) HIV infections in otolaryngology. Med Sci Monitor: Int Med J Experimental Clin Res 18(3):RA17
Iacovou E, Vlastarakos PV, Papacharalampous G, Kampessis G, Nikolopoulos TP (2012) Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated manifestations in otolaryngology. Infect Disease Rep 4(1):e9
Mandelia C, Sreedharan S (2015) Otorhinolaryngological manifestations among HIV positive children in coastal Karnataka. J Clin Diagn Research: JCDR 9(3):MC05
Khan MM, Hasnain A, Hussain A, Faisal J, Naqvi H, Husnain M (2021) ENT manifestations in HIV infected patients in PIMS Islamabad. Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar. Ali Bhutto Med Univ 17(3):266–270
Sulyman AB, Kazeem SA, Abdulrahman A, David D, Kayode AS, Oluwayemisi O, Jumai AH (2010) LO O. Otolaryngologic manifestations among HIV/AIDS patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution: an update. Int Archives Otorhinolaryngol. : 14;4
Swai H (2011) Otorhinolaryngological manifestations among HIV Infected patients attending hiv clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital (Doctoral dissertation, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences)
Satyakiran GV, Bavle RM, Alexander G, Rao S, Venugopal R, Hosthor SS (2016) A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population. J Oral Maxillofacial Pathology: JOMFP 20(3):419
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Abraham, Z.S., Nyiraha, J.M., Mnguruta, B.J. et al. Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04598-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-024-04598-8