Abstract
Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a major indication for tympanoplasty. It is important to predict the outcome of surgery and give proper counselling for the patient. This avoids untoward expectations. To measure the outcome of patients who underwent tympanoplasty for mucosal type of chronic otitis media (COM) using Middle ear risk index (MERI) score. Any possible correlation of MERI score with outcomes? Assess quality-of-life. Prospective analytical comparative cohort study. Sample size was 75. All patients underwent tympanoplasty for mucosal type of COM with hearing loss. The patients were categorised into mild, moderate and severe groups based on the MERI score. The hearing benefit was calculated from the pre- and post-op difference in PTA. The graft uptake status was graded. The relation between MERI score, graft status and hearing benefit were analysed and compared. QOL was assessed by COMOT-15 questionnaire. Patients with a high MERI score had lower rate of graft uptake, whereas, patients with mild MERI had greater hearing benefit and those with severe MERI had lesser hearing benefit postoperative. MERI score is a prognostic tool to predict the outcome of tympanoplasty. It has an inverse relation with graft uptake and hearing benefit. Based on MERI score, the chances for surgical success and hearing benefit could be explained to the patient to give them realistic expectations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Meyerhoff WL, Kim CS, Paparella MM (1978) Pathology of chronic otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 87(6 Pt 1):749–760
Jose A (2004) Chronic otitis media: burden of illness and management child and adolescent health and development prevention of blindness and deafness. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva
Adoga A, Nimkur T, Silas O (2010) Chronic suppurative otitis media: Socio-economic implications in a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 4:3
Olusesi AD, Opaluwah E, Hassan SB (2011) Subjective and objective outcomes of tympanoplasty surgery at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria 2005–2009. Eur Arch Otolaryngol 268(3):367–372
Lasisi AO, Sulaiman OA, Afolabi OA (2007) Socioeconomic status and hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media in Nigeria. Ann Trop Paediatr 27(4):291–296
Acuin JM (2007) Chronic suppurative otitis media: a disease waiting for solutions. Commun Ear Hear H 4(6):17–19
Sergi B, Galli J, De Corso E, Parrilla C, Paludetti G (2011) Overlay versus underlay myringoplasty: report of outcomes considering closure of perforation and hearing function. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 31(6):366–371
Faramarzi A, Hashemi SB, Rajaee A (2012) Mucosal pocket” myringoplasty: a modification of underlay technique for anterior or subtotal perforations. Am J Otolaryngol 33(6):708–713
Vartiainen E, Nuutinen J (1993) Success and pitfalls in myringoplasty: follow-up study of 404 cases. Am J Otol 14(3):301–305
Mishra P, Sonkhya N, Mathur N (2007) Prospective study of 100 cases of underlay tympanoplasty with superiorly based circumferential flap for subtotal perforations. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 59(3):225–228
Sharma A, Saxena RK, Verma LR, Bhandari S (2017) Correlation between MERI and hearing after tympanoplasty. J. Nepalgunj Med Coll 13(2):6–9
Kumar N, Madkikar NN, Kishve S, Chilke D, Shinde KJ (2012) Using middle ear risk index and ET function as parameters for predicting the outcome of tympanoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 64(1):13–16
Tos M (1993) Manual of middle ear surgery. Approaches, myringoplasty, ossiculoplasty, tympanoplasty, vol 1. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York, p 265
Chaudhary S, Prasad KC (2019) Hearing improvement in interposition ossiculoplasty and myringostapediopexy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 71(2):1396–1401
Bellucci RJ (1989) Selection of cases and classification of tympanoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 22(5):911–926
Black Bruce (1992) Ossiculoplasty prognosis: the SPITE method of assessment. Am J Otol 13(6):544–551
Horst Wullstein MD (1956) Theory and practice of tympanoplasty. The Laryngoscope 66(8):1076–1093
Kartush JM (1994) Ossicular chain reconstruction: capitulum to malleus. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 27:689–715
Becvarovski Z, Kartush JM (2001) Smoking and tympanoplasty: implications for prognosis and the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI). Laryngoscope 111:1806–1811
Baumann L, Kurpiers B, Plinkert PK, Praetorius M (2009) Development and validation of the chronic otitis media outcome test 15(COMOT-15). Measurement of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media. HNO 57(9):889–895
Sarfaraz Md, Tabassum A (2017) An observational study on tympanoplasty in terms of middle ear risk index (MERI) of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Int J Med Health Res 3(6):25–28
Dornhoffer JL, Gardner E (2001) Prognostic factors in ossiculoplasty: a statistical staging system. Otol Neurotol 22(3):299–304
Gersdorff M, Garin P, Decat M, Juantegui M (1995) Myringoplasty: long-term results in adults and children. Am J Otol 16:215–218
Kaur Manpreet et al (2014) Comparative evaluation between tympanoplasty alone and tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy in non cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media in patients with sclerotic bone. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 13(6):40–45
Shrikrishna BH, Jyothi AC, Sanjay G, Sandeep Samson G (2013) Age and gender differences in the incidence of non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci 4(4):1172–1174
Basak B, Gayen GC, Das (Sarkar) M, Dhar G, Ray R, Das AK (2014) Demographic profile of CSOM in a rural tertiary care hospital. IOSR J Pharm 4(6):43–46
Wankar AD, Golhar S (2014) To determine prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media with reference to unsafe otitis media in primary school going children of rural setup of Wardha District. Glob J Med Res J Dent Otolaryngol 14(1):27–35
Mohammadi Ghodrat, Naderpour Masoud, Mousaviagdas Mehrnoosh (2012) Ossicular erosion in patients requiring surgery for cholesteatoma. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 24(68):125–128
Yurttafl Veysel, Ural Ahmet, Kutluhan Ahmet, Bozdemir Kazim (2015) Factors that may affect graft success in tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. ENT Updat 5(1):9–12
Ars B, Ars-Piret N (1993) Tympano-ossicular, allograft tympanoplasty a manual of techniques. Kugler Publications, Amsterdam
Da Costa SS, Paparella MM, Schachern PA, Yoon TH, Kimberley BP (1992) Temporal bone histopathology in chronically infected ears with intact and perforated tympanic membranes. Laryngoscope 102:1229–1236
Lin YC, Wang WH, Weng HH (2011) Predictors of surgical and hearing long-term results for inlay cartilage tympanoplasty. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 137(3):215–219
Al-Jaaf SMS, Shem AAM, Abdulrazak Dabbagh L (2010) Zanco myringoplasty [risk factors and the effect of post operative follow up on the outcome of success rate in Erbil/Kurdistan of Iraq. Med Sci 14(3):1–9
Singh GB, Kumar D, Aggarwal K, Garg S, Arora R, Kumar S (2016) Tympanoplasty: does wet or dry temporalis fascia graft matter. J Laryngol Otol 130(8):700–705
Saha AK, Munsi DM, Ghosh SN (2006) Evaluation of improvement of hearing in type I tympanoplasty and its influencing factors. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 58(3):253–257
Andersen SA, Aabenhus K, Glad H, Sorensen MS (2014) Graft take-rates after tympanoplasty: results from a prospective ear surgery database. Otol Neurotol 35(10):e292–e297
Chrobok V, Pellant A, Meloun M, Pokorny K, Simáková E, Mandysová P (2009) Prognostic factors for hearing preservation in surgery of chronic otitis media. Int Adv Otol 5(3):310–317
Siddharth N, Somashekara KG (2015) A study of hearing improvement after tympanoplasty by means of pure tone audiometry. J Evid Based Med Healthc 2(2):113–122
Harikrishnan P et al (2013) Clinical study of influence of prognostic factor on the outcome of tympanoplasty surgery. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 5(6):41–45
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Standards
Research involving human participants with institutional ethical committee clearance.
Informed Consent
Written informed consent obtained from participants before enrolling for the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendix: Middle ear risk index chart
Appendix: Middle ear risk index chart
Risk factor | Value-assigned risk |
---|---|
Otorrhea (Bellucci) | |
I—Dry | 0 |
II—Occasionally wet | 1 |
III—Persistently wet | 2 |
IV—Wet, cleft palate | 3 |
Perforation | |
None | 0 |
Present | 1 |
Cholesteatoma | |
None | 0 |
Present | 2 |
Ossicular status (Austin/Kartush) | |
(0) M_I_S_ | 0 |
(A) M_S_ | 1 |
(B) M_S_ | 2 |
(C) M_S_ | 3 |
(D) M_S_ | 4 |
(E) Ossicular head fixation | 2 |
(F) Stapes fixation | 3 |
Middle ear: granular or effusion | |
No | 0 |
Yes | 2 |
Previous surgery | |
None | 0 |
Staged | 1 |
Revision | 2 |
Smoker | |
No | 0 |
Yes | 2 |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nallapaneni, L.S., Sudarsan, S. & Krishnamoorthy, S. A Prospective Study on Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI) and Outcome of Tympanoplasty with a Note on quality-of-Life (QOL). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 74 (Suppl 1), 26–32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-020-01796-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-020-01796-y