Treatment of Large Tympanic Membrane Perforations: Medial to Malleus Versus Lateral to Malleus

Abstract

The perforation size affects the success of tympanic membrane (TM) reconstruction, in addition to the surgical technique used. Large TM perforations present a surgical challenge. The perforation size has been reported to be a prognostic factor, and poorer results are obtained with large versus small perforations. We aimed to evaluate patients who had undergone tympanoplasty for large perforations at our clinic using either the underlay or over-underlay technique and to compare the results in terms of re-perforation, retraction, lateralization, and improvement of hearing. Of 302 patients with chronic otitis media, 114 who had a perforation that involved over 50 % of the pars tensa were enrolled in the study. The underlay technique was used in 61 patients, and the over-underlay technique in 53 patients. In the underlay group, the preoperative mean perforation size was 30.11 ± 5.35 mm² (range 20.00–52.00 mm²) (n = 61). In the over-underlay group, the preoperative mean perforation size was 31.41 ± 8.65 mm² (range 22.00–48.00 mm²) (n = 53). The graft success rate of tympanoplasty performed using the underlay technique was 89.1 % in 61 patients. Seven (10.9 %) patients had graft failure. The graft success rate with the over-underlay technique in 53 patients was 90.5 %. Five (9.5 %) patients had graft failure in this group. Three graft lateralizations (5.6 %) and two retractions (3.8 %) were observed at 12 months postoperatively in the over-underlay group. However, in the underlay group, no graft lateralization but five retractions (8.2 %) were observed at 12 months. The graft-take rates and hearing improvement results in both groups were successful and compatible with those in the literature.