Conclusions
As heart failure may appear in myriad forms and different stages in different patients, there is no single surgical solution. Surgical treatment may have electrical, mechanical or biologic or a combined approach to the problem of CHF. In the management of heart failure, surgical therapy is most effective when applied in its proper window. It may be possible to restore anatomic and physiologic normalcy in some patients while partial recovery by arrest of remodelling process may be all that can be achieved in some. A holistic philosophy entailing both medical and surgical modalities would be needed to contain the scourage of CHF.
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Ghosh, P. Surgery for heart failure. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 18, 125–136 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-002-0022-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-002-0022-8