Abstract
The German government has proclaimed energy efficiency to be the ‘first imperative’ for the transformation of the energy system (‘Energiewende’). It has enacted numerous policy measures at federal, federal state and local level which combined should deliver the aspired energy savings. Our contribution reviews the German governance system (multi-level policy coordination and policy feedback through monitoring and verification of energy savings), including the full set of German Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs). We find that many of the SEAPs put emphasis on CO2 reduction but neglect a systematic monitoring and verification (M&V) of energy efficiency. A harmonised M&V scheme covering the relevant energy aggregates and energy savings can facilitate policy feedback. Designing the M&V system to the principle of cost-effectiveness can help to save costs and keep information provision and administrative burden in balance. Regarding policy coordination, the German case shows that strong formal coordination structures are a necessary condition for effective policy design, but not a sufficient one. They need to be backed up by informal coordination such as feedback loops or sharing of best practices to add a dynamic dimension.
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Notes
It should be noted that the NAPE continues the outreach to a larger group of stakeholders, for example by scaling up the concept on Learning Energy Efficiency Networks (LEEN) from the existing 30 to 500 networks. These can serve as a major governance instrument of reaching out to stakeholders at large. For more details, see Rohde (2011 and 2015). Ringel et al. (2016) present an overall evaluation of the macroeconomic effects of NAPE. The federal government plans a comprehensive stakeholder consultation on energy efficiency policies foreseen for summer 2017 subsequent to a green paper on energy efficiency (BMWi 2016b).
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Acknowledgments
The present contribution draws on a desk study prepared by the author for Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH in the framework of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project ‘multEE—Facilitating multi-level governance for Energy Efficiency’ (www.multEE.eu). The project aims at enhancing the consistency and quality of energy efficiency policy planning and implementation on different administrative levels covering nine EU Member States and Candidate Countries. We are also grateful to the editors and two anonymous reviewers of this paper for their constructive and helpful comments and suggestions.
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Ringel, M. Energy efficiency policy governance in a multi-level administration structure — evidence from Germany. Energy Efficiency 10, 753–776 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-016-9484-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-016-9484-1