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Assessment of household appliance surveys collected with Amazon Mechanical Turk

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Abstract

Energy researchers need data on residential appliances to make effective recommendations for reducing energy consumption. For some products, however, traditional data sources do not have sufficient detail. Online surveys can provide a less expensive alternative for data collection, but the accuracy of these surveys is still unclear. Here, we compare the results of Amazon Mechanical Turk online surveys of refrigerators, freezers, televisions, and ceiling fans to the nationwide Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) deployed by the US Energy Information Administration. To account for differences in demographic distributions between the online survey results and the general population, we weighted the results using standard cell weighting and raking techniques, as well as a combination of these, termed “hybrid.” The weighted results gave a distribution of product ownership that was reasonably close to RECS, albeit with small, statistically significant differences in some cases. The cell weighting method provided a slightly better agreement with RECS than the other two approaches. We recommend online surveys as an efficient and cost-effective way of gathering in-home use data on appliances that are not adequately covered by existing data sources.

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Notes

  1. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/edcams/eande/appliances/index.htm

  2. http://www.energystar.gov/

  3. http://www.energy.ca.gov/

  4. https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/home/

  5. http://www.nielsen.com/us/en.html

  6. http://www.imsresearch.com/

  7. http://www.displaysearch.com/cps/rde/xchg/displaysearch/hs.xsl/index.asp

  8. http://www.aham.org/

  9. http://www.appliancemagazine.com/

  10. “Refrigerator” here refers to a stand-alone refrigerator (sometimes called an “all-refrigerator”) that has no freezer compartment, as well as a refrigerator-freezer that possesses both refrigerator and freezer compartments. “Freezer” here refers to a stand-alone freezer, as opposed to a freezer that is part of a refrigerator.

  11. Set-top boxes are devices that provide TVs with video content from a cable, satellite, or internet service provider.

  12. We created this variable to distinguish households with member(s) under the age of 20 from those without.

  13. An example of demographic distribution comparison across three weighting methods, non-weighted AMT, and the RECS for the refrigeration product survey can be found in part 3 of the supplementary material.

  14. http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/rass/

  15. http://www.energy.ca.gov/ceus/

  16. http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/index.cfm

  17. http://neea.org/resource-center/regional-data-resources/residential-building-stock-assessment

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Acknowledgments

Bereket Beraki, Sarah K. Price, Stacy Pratt, and Henry Willem provided an invaluable contribution to this project by managing the collection of Amazon Mechanical Turk data. Andrea Alstone, Mia Forbes Pirie, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Karina Garbesi, Samantha Infeld, Colleen Kantner, Erik Page, Alex Valenti, and Vagelis Vossos provided assistance in developing and executing the surveys. Gregory Rosenquist and Alex Lekov provided high-level support and encouragement. We thank the US Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Hung-Chia Yang, Scott J. Young, Jeffery B. Greenblatt & Louis-Benoit Desroches

  2. P.O. Box 202, Ocean Grove, Victoria, 3226, Australia

    Sally M. Donovan

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  1. Hung-Chia Yang
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  2. Sally M. Donovan
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  3. Scott J. Young
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Correspondence to Hung-Chia Yang.

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Yang, HC., Donovan, S.M., Young, S.J. et al. Assessment of household appliance surveys collected with Amazon Mechanical Turk. Energy Efficiency 8, 1063–1075 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9334-6

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