Skip to main content
Log in

The use of sub-hourly primary meter data to identify electricity savings in municipal buildings

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Energy Efficiency Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sub-hourly electricity consumption data is being routinely collected from non-domestic buildings in European countries, yet there is little published guidance on how to analyse this data. A new analysis technique is described that produces electricity load profile indicators to help identify potential electricity savings from 81 municipal buildings of six different types: commercial and public offices, libraries and museums, sport centres, schools, community centres and care homes/hostels. This approach is different from conventional energy management analysis techniques since it uses total electricity consumption data in half-hourly periods rather than annual or monthly data. The analysis enabled the detection of buildings with consumption profiles that differ significantly from the typical profile for that building type. This provided a systematic and rapid procedure to identify potential energy saving opportunities in multiple buildings. The new approach introduces a standard statistical technique, independent of energy manager judgement, to help identify energy saving opportunities in buildings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (2001). Fundamentals. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N., & Wright, A. (2008). Report on half-hourly metering profiles—deliverable 15 of CaRB project. Leicester. EPSR Grant Reference GR/S94377/01, www.carb.org.uk.

  • Bruhns, H., Steadman, P., Herring, H., & Moss, S. (2000). Types, numbers, and floor areas of nondomestic premises in England and Wales, classified by activity. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 27(5), 641–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbon Trust (2007). Advanced metering for SMEs: carbon and cost savings—full report (CTC713). London: HMSO.

  • Chicco, G. Napoli, R. Postolache, P. Scutariu, M. and Toader, C. (2001). Electric energy customer characterisation for developing dedicated market strategies. Power Tech Proceedings, 2001 I.E. Porto. vol 1.

  • Chicco, G., Napoli, R., Piglione, F., Postolache, P., Scutariu, M., & Toader, C. (2002). A review of concepts and techniques for emergent customer categorisation. In Proceedings of Telmark Discussion Forum, London.

  • Chicco, G., Napoli, R., Postolache, P., Scutariu, M., & Toader, C. (2003). Customer characterization options for improving the tariff offer. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions, 18(1), 381–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claridge, D., Liu, M., & Turner, W. (1999). Whole building diagnostics. Proceedings of Diagnostics for Commercial Buildings: from Research to Practice. Pacific Energy Center, San Francisco.

  • Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. (1996). General Information Leaflet 49: low-cost automatic meter-reading system—using low-power radio. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament (2010). Towards a new Energy Strategy for Europe 2011–2020. 25 November 2010. Strasbourg, France

  • Fels, M. (1986). PRISM: an introduction. Energy and Buildings, 9(1–2), 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, V. (2009). The analysis of primary metered half-hourly electricity and gas consumption in municipal buildings. PhD Thesis. De Montfort University. Leicester.

  • Ferreira, V., Alves, L., Fleming, P., Stuart, G., Patel, P., Webber, P. and Conway, S. (2007). “Low hanging fruits” or cost-effective energy and water savings using intelligent metering and monitoring systems? In proceedings of 2007 ECEEE Summer Study, Cote D'Azur.

  • Ferreira, V., Alves, L., Basanez-Unanue, G., Gonzalez, M., Tourlis, N. Pasinetti, R., Siciliano, A., & Kenny, P. (2008). Lessons learned from the implementation of metering and monitoring systems in public buildings in Europe—ENERinTOWN project. Proceedings of Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Building Conference, Frankfurt.

  • Haberl, J., Sparks, R., & Culp, C. (1996). Exploring new techniques for displaying complex building energy consumption data. Energy and Buildings, 24, 27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, P. (1999). Degree-days for energy managers. Cambridge: Cheriton Technologies Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katipamula, S., & Brambley, M. (2005). Methods for fault detection, diagnostics, and prognostics for building systems—a review, part I. HVAC&R Research, 11(2), 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, W. S. (2008). Benchmarking the energy efficiency of government buildings with data envelopment analysis. Energy and Buildings, 40, 891–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., Claridge, D.E., Haberl, J.S. and Turner, W.D. (1997). Improving building energy system performance by continuous commissioning, In: Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Vol. 3(27): 1606-1612.

  • MacDonald, J., & Wasserman, D. (1989). Investigation of metered data analysis methods for commercial and related buildings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report (ORNL/CON-279).

  • Nazarko, J., & Styczynski, Z. (1999). Application of statistical and neural approaches to the daily load profiles modelling in power. Transmission and Distribution Conference 1999, IEEE, 1: 320-325.

  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2012). Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC. Brussels: OJEU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Official Journal of the European Union European Parliament, and the European Council (2010). DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings (recast), 18.6.2010. Brussels, Belgium: OJEU.

  • Pakanen, J., & Sundquist, T. (2003). Automation-assisted fault detection of an air-handling unit; implementing the method in a real building. Energy and Buildings, 35, 193–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piette, M., Kinney, S., & Haves, P. (2001). Analysis of an information monitoring and diagnostic system to improve building operations. Energy and Buildings, 33, 783–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Environment Programme. (2007). Sustainable buildings and construction initiative buildings and climate change: status, challenges and opportunities. Paris: UNEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urdan, T. (2005). Statistics in Plain English (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos, J. (2008). Survey of regulatory and technological developments concerning smart metering in the European Union Electricity Market. EUI-RSCAS Working Papers 1. Florence, Italy: European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies.

  • Webber, P., Conway, S., Patel, P., & Fleming, M. (2007). Energy savings from intelligent metering and behavioural change in local and regional public sector buildings. Proceedings of 2003 ECEEE Summer Study Proceedings, Cote d’Azur.

  • Webber, P. Chauhan, D. Morris, N. Fleming, P. Stuart, G., & Ferreira, V. (2011). Intelligent metering for energy savings in small and medium sized enterprises: experiences at the local level in 5 European countries. Proceedings of 2011 ECEEE Summer Study Proceedings, Cote d’Azur.

Download references

Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgement is given to the funding support from the European Commission's Intelligent Energy Europe programme for the ENERinTOWN, Intelligent Metering and aIM4SMEs projects. Also to ongoing support from Leicester City Council (P. Webber, P.Patel, J.Odell, C.Burt) and from colleagues at De Montfort University (G. Stuart and G. Mill)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vasco Ferreira.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ferreira, V., Fleming, P. The use of sub-hourly primary meter data to identify electricity savings in municipal buildings. Energy Efficiency 7, 879–889 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-014-9261-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-014-9261-y

Keywords

Navigation