Notes
Indirect rebound effects: For consumers, the lower effective price of the energy service will lead to changes in the demand for other goods and services.
Economy-wide rebound effects: A fall in the real price of energy services will reduce the price of intermediate and final goods throughout the economy, leading to a series of price and quantity adjustments, with energy-intensive goods and sectors gaining at the expense of less energy-intensive ones. Energy efficiency improvements may also increase economic growth, which could itself increase energy consumption.
Direct rebound effect: Improved energy efficiency for a particular energy service will decrease the effective price of that service and could therefore lead to an increase in the consumption of that service.
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Ürge-Vorsatz, D., Metz, B. Energy efficiency revisited: how far does it get us in controlling climate change?. Energy Efficiency 2, 287–292 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-009-9055-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-009-9055-9