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An investigation of performance and emission of diesel engine by using quaternary blends of neem biodiesel–neem oil–decanol–diesel

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Abstract

The growing energy demand with a rising global population has led to intensive consumption of petroleum diesel in the past few decades. The exhaustible reserves of diesel and various environmental concerns have raised alarms regarding the consumption of fossil fuels and their depleting resources. Consequently, the researchers have worked on several environmentally friendly alternate fuels, which proved compatible with diesel. Over the decades, intensive research has shown biodiesel and alcohols' suitability and sustainability as promising alternate fuels. The higher oxygen content of biodiesel and alcohol ensures complete combustion of the air-fuel charge in the engine cylinder. The addition of alcohol results in the improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the blended fuels. The present work involves blending neem biodiesel (neem oil methyl ester), pure neem oil, decanol, and diesel in different volumetric proportions as quaternary blends. Including vegetable oil in the quaternary curbs, diesel consumption and enhances the engine lubricity. The blends were tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine at varied loads from 25% to 100%, at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm was used to test the samples. The quaternary blends resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel, whereas the blends showed a marginal loss in brake power. The inclusion of a higher concentration of decanol improved the brake-specific fuel consumption among the quaternary blends. Compared to diesel, the CO, UHC, and smoke emissions were lower due to improved combustion for quaternary blends and D50B50.

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Abbreviations

CRDI:

Common Rail Direct Injection

CI:

Compression Ignition

BP:

Brake Power

BTE:

Brake Thermal Efficiency

BSFC:

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

EGT:

Exhaust Gas Temperature

LCV:

Lower Calorific Value

ICT:

In-cylinder Temperature

ICP:

In-cylinder Pressure

UHC:

Un-burnt Hydrocarbon

NOx :

Oxides of Nitrogen

SOx :

Oxides of Sulphur

CO2 :

Oxides of Carbon

NOME:

Neem Oil Methyl Ester

B:

Neem Biodiesel

O:

Pure Neem Oil

Dec:

Decanol

D100:

Pure Diesel

D50B50:

D = 50%, B = 50%

DBODec15:

D = 40%, B = 40%, O = 5%, Dec = 15%

DBODec25:

D = 40%, B = 30%, O = 5%, Dec = 25%

DBODec35:

D = 40%, B = 20%, O = 5%, Dec = 35%

DBODec45:

D = 40%, B = 10%, O = 5%, Dec = 45

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Acknowledgements

This experimental work was assisted by I.C. Engine Laboratory and Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF) Laboratory Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Authors thank for providing the experimental facilities and conduction of various tests throughout the journey of this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India

    Md Modassir Khan, Arun Kumar Kadian & R P Sharma

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  1. Md Modassir Khan
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  2. Arun Kumar Kadian
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Correspondence to Md Modassir Khan.

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It has been declared by the authors that no monetary assistance has influenced the commencement of the present work.

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Khan, M.M., Kadian, A.K. & Sharma, R.P. An investigation of performance and emission of diesel engine by using quaternary blends of neem biodiesel–neem oil–decanol–diesel. Sādhanā 48, 28 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02084-5

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