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Effect of intake geometry on the velocity distribution upstream of intakes

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Abstract

The effect of intake geometry on the velocity distributions upstream of intakes receiving water from a dead-end channel was compared both theoretically and numerically. In theoretical analysis, the available potential flow solution was used to find the velocity distribution in the vicinity of the intake structures. For numerical investigation, the computational fluid dynamics model was first calibrated with the available experimental data for circular cross-section pipe intake, and then the analyses of various intake types were performed with and without flow boundary effects due to channel bottom and sidewalls. Theoretical and CFD results showed that the effect of the intake geometry on the velocity distribution in the vicinity of the intakes is large, but this effect disappears as the distance from the intake increases. For rectangular intakes with high aspect ratios, iso-velocity contours become different than that of the pipe intake while the behaviors of the square, and triangular intakes are similar to the pipe intake. The flow boundary effects spoil the shape of the iso-velocity contours and generate larger velocities in the region away from the boundaries compared to the case with no boundary effects. The agreement between numerical and theoretical results was found to be satisfactory.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area of the intakes (m2)

A x, A y, and A z :

Fractional areas of fluid in x, y, and z directions (–)

a :

Dimension of square, and equilateral triangle intakes (m)

b, h :

Short and long dimensions of a rectangular intake (m)

c :

Distance between intake center and channel bottom (m)

d :

Diameter of the intake (m)

F :

Fractional volume of the fluid (–)

f x, f y, and f z :

Viscous accelerations in x, y, and z directions (m/s2)

G x, G y, and G z :

Body acceleration in x, y, and z directions (m/s2)

p :

Pressure (N/m2)

r 0 :

Distance between the intake center and P0 (m)

R SOR :

Source density term (kg/m3s)

Q :

Intake discharge (m3/s)

t :

Time (s)

V c :

Centerline velocity (m/s)

V r :

Resultant velocity in the plane under consideration (m/s)

V x, V y, V z :

Velocity components in x, y, and z directions (m/s)

V F :

Related to fluid volume (–)

V 0 :

Average intake-entrance velocity (m/s)

w :

Distance between intake center and channel side wall (m)

θ :

Angle between z axis and line connecting intake center and point P (rad)

θ 0 :

Angle between z axis and line connecting the intake center and point P0 (rad)

ϕ :

Velocity potential function (m2/s)

ρ :

Density of the fluid (kg/m3)

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Acknowledgement

Authors thank to Projects of Scientific Investigation (BAP) of Gazi University for the software used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University, Maltepe/Ankara, 06570, Turkey

    Kerem Taştan, Gültaze Yildirim & Efe Barbaros

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  1. Kerem Taştan
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  2. Gültaze Yildirim
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  3. Efe Barbaros
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Correspondence to Kerem Taştan.

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Taştan, K., Yildirim, G. & Barbaros, E. Effect of intake geometry on the velocity distribution upstream of intakes. Sādhanā 47, 79 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-022-01845-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-022-01845-y

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