Abstract
Recently, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to study the structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules such as proteins, protein aggregates, RNA and DNA. It is used in combination with molecular modelling to study complex systems such as soluble proteins, membrane proteins and protein aggregates like amyloid fibrils and oligomers. This article describes how the EPR technique can be used to elucidate the structural reorganization taking place in a membrane-bound protein by taking a few examples from the literature including some of the earlier works of the author.
Similar content being viewed by others
Suggested Reading
W L Hubbell, A Gross, R Langen and M A Lietzow, Recent advances in site-directed spin labelling of proteins, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., Vol.8, pp.649–56, 1998.
M Margittai and R Langen, Spin labelling analysis of amyloids and other protein aggregates, Methods in Enzymology, Vol.43, pp.123–139, 2006.
W L Hubbell, H. S Mchaourab, C Altenbach and M A Lietzow, Watching proteins move using site-directed spin labelling, Structure, Vol.4, pp.779–783, 1996.
C Altenbach, D A Greenhalgh, H G Khorana and W L Hubbell, A collision gradient method to determine the immersion depth of nitroxides in lipid bilayers: Application to spin-labeled mutants of bacteriorhodopsin, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol.91, No.5, pp.1667–1671, 1994.
B G Hegde, J M Isas, G Zampighi, H T Haigler, and R Langen, A novel calcium-independent peripheral membrane-bound form of annexin B12, Biochemistry, Vol.45, pp.934–942, 2006.
M D Rabenstein and Y K Shin, Determination of the distance between two spin labels attached to a macromolecule, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA Vol.92, pp.8239–43, 1995.
C Altenbach, K J Oh, R J Trabanino, K Hideg and WL Hubbell, Estimation of inter-residue distances in spin labelled proteins at physiological temperatures: Experimental strategies and practical limitations, Biochemistry, Vol.40, pp.5471–15482, 2001.
G Jeschke and Y Polyhach, Distance measurements on spin-labelled biomacromolecules by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol.9, pp.895–1910, 2007.
M Pannier, S Veit, A Godt, G Jeschke and H W Spiess Dead-time free measurement of dipole–dipole interactions between electron spins, J. Magn. Reson. Vol.142 pp.331–340, 2000.
H T McMahon and J L Gallop, Membrane curvature and mechanisms of dynamic cell membrane remodelling, Nature, Vol.38, pp.590–596, 2005.
J Zimmerberg and M M Kozlov, How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. Vo.7, pp9–19, 2006.
J L Gallop and H T McMahon, BAR domains and membrane curvature: bringing your curves to the BAR, Biochem. Soc. Symp., Vol.72, pp.223–231, 2005.
J L Gallop, C C Jao, M H Kent, P J Butler, P R Evans, R Langen and H T McMahon, Mechanism of endophilin N-BAR domain mediated membrane curvature, EMBO J., Vol.25, pp.2898–2910, 2006.
C C Jao, B GHegde, J L Gallop, P B Hegde, H T McMahon, I S Haworth and R Langen, Roles of amphipathic helices and BAR domain of endophilin in membrane curvature generation, J Biol Chem., Vol.285, pp.20164–70, 2010.
M Ambroso, B G Hegde and R Langen, Endophilin A1 induces different membrane shapes using a conformational switch that is regulated by phosphorylation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, Vol.111(19), pp.6982–6987, 2014.
G Jeschke, V Chechik, P Ionita, A Godt, H Zimmermann, J Banham, C R Timmel, D Hilger and H Jung, DeerAnalysis 2006 - AComprehensive Software Package for Analyzing Pulsed ELDOR Data, Appl. Magn. Reson., Vol.30, pp.473–498, 2006.
S Bedrood, Y Li, JM Isas, B GHegde, U Baxa, I S Haworth and R Langen, Fibril Structure of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. J Biol Chem., Vol.287, pp. 5235–41, 2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
B G Hegde is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka. His research interests are peptide membrane interaction studies using biophysical techniques and study of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) properties in manganite nanoparticles.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hegde, B.G. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reson 20, 1017–1032 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-015-0270-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-015-0270-8