Abstract
Impurities play a pivotal role in semiconductors. One part in a million of phosphorous in silicon alters the conductivity of the latter by several orders of magnitude. Indeed, the information age is possible only because of the unique role of shallow impurities in semiconductors. Although work in semiconductor nanostructures (SN) has been in progress for the past two decades, the role of impurities in them has been only sketchily studied. We outline theoretical approaches to the electronic structure of shallow impurities in SN and discuss their limitations. We find that shallow levels undergo a SHADES (SHAllow-DEep-Shallow) transition as the SN size is decreased. This occurs because of the combined effect of quantum confinement and reduced dielectric constant in SN. Level splitting is pronounced and this can perhaps be probed by ESR and ENDOR techniques. Finally, we suggest that a perusal of literature on (semiconductor) cluster calculations carried out 30 years ago would be useful.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S Anand et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3016 (1995)
A A Bol and A Meijerink, Phys. Rev. B58, R15997 (1998)
K Yan et al, Phys. Rev. B58, 13585 (1998)
G Bastard, Phys. Rev. B24, 4714 (1981)
J W Brown and H N Spector, J. Appl. Phys. 59, 1179 (1986)
G Weber, P A Schultz and L E Oliviera, Phys. Rev. B38, 2179 (1988)
N Porras-Montenegro and S T Perez-Merchancano, Phys. Rev. B46, 9780 (1992)
N Porras-Montenegro and S T Perez-Merchancano, J. Appl. Phys. 74, 7624 (1993)
F J Ribeiro and A Latge, Phys. Rev. B50, 4913 (1994)
Q Fanyao, A L A Fonseca and O A C Nunes, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 1236 (1997)
A detailed review article of defects in semiconductor nanostructures is currently under preparation
V Ranjan and Vijay A Singh, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6415 (2001)
V Ranjan, R K Pandey, Manoj K Harbola and Vijay A Singh, Phys. Rev. B65, 045317 (2002)
R K Pandey, Manoj K Harbola and Vijay A Singh, Phys. Rev. B67, 075315 (2003)
Manoj K Harbola and Viraht Sahni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 489 (1989)
R K Pandey, Manoj K Harbola and Vijay A Singh, Phys. Rev. B70, 193308 (2004)
R K Pandey, Manoj K Harbola and Vijay A Singh, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, 1769 (2004)
E Clementi and C Roetti, At. Nucl. Data Tables 14, 428 (1974)
Vijay A Singh, C Weigel, L M Roth and J W Corbett, Phys. Status Solidi 81, 637 (1977)
D R Hamann, M Schlter and C Chiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1494 (1979)
Vijay A Singh and Prateek Gupta, International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Dec. 14–18, 2005, New Delhi, India
Vijay A Singh, C Weigel and J W Corbett, Phys. Status Solidi 100, 533 (1980)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, V.A., Harbola, M.K. & Pathak, P. Defects in semiconductor nanostructures. Pramana - J Phys 70, 255–261 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0044-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0044-x
Keywords
- Dopants
- semiconductor
- defects
- nanostructures
- effective mass theory
- density functional theory
- tight binding