Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Allelic Diversity and Genetic Relationships Among Cultivated Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Java, Indonesia Using Microsatellite Markers and Morphological Characters

  • Published:
Tropical Plant Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The genetic variation and relationships of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) were observed across mangosteen populations in Java, Indonesia using newly identified microsatellite loci and morphological characters. In this study, we developed an improved protocol to isolate microsatellite loci, named Selective Repeats from AFLP Sequence, by using a hybridized membrane. Twenty microsatellite loci were evaluated using 78 individuals from five mangosteen populations, and we successfully amplified four closely related Garcinia species, including G. malaccensis, G. hombroniana, G. celebica, and G. porrecta. Eight loci were monomorphic and the others were polymorphic. Sixty-nine alleles were found, with 3.491 per locus on an average. Genetic diversity (Hʹ) was calculated with an average across loci within population (HʹS) as 0.39, an average loci across many populations (HʹT) as 0.444, and genetic differentiation (FʹST) as 0.147. Furthermore, based on morphological characters, mangosteen individuals from four populations including Leuwiliang, Wanayasa, Puspahiang, and Kaligesing also had morphologically distinct fruit weight, rind weight, and rind thickness among populations. The study also elucidated the dispersal pattern of mangosteen in Java; the source of the genotype mangosteen in Java population was the Wanayasa population. In addition, we found evidence of tetraploidy in mangosteen. These results have potential applications in future breeding, conservation studies, and genetic assessment of mangosteen and their closely related species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig 3
Fig 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdullah NAP, Richards AJ, Wolff K (2012) Molecular evidence in identifying parents of Garcinia mangostana L. Pertanika J Trop Agric Sci 35:257–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Adam H (1982) The letters of Henry Adams / 1886–1892. Belknap Pr. of Harvard U Pr, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeyda N, Martin FM (1976) Cultivation of neglected tropical fruits with promise. Part I. The mangosteen. Agricultural Research Service, USDA

  • Bruin J (2006) newtest: command to compute new test. UCLA: Statistical Consulting Group. Available at http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/ado/analysis/. Accessed September 2011

  • Bruvo R, Michiels NK, D’sounza TG (2004) A simple method for the calculation of microsatellite genotype distances irrespective of ploidy level. Mol Eco 13:2101–2106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burbidge FW (1884) The native country of mangosteen. Gard Chron 21:23

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark LV, Jasieniuk M (2011) POLYSAT : an R package for polyploidy microsatellite analysis. Mol Eco Resour 11:562–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark LV, Jasieniuk M (2012) Spontaneous hybrids between native and exotic Rubus in the Western United States produce offspring both by apomixis and by sexual recombination. Heredity 109:320–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clark LV, Evans KJ, Jasieniuk M (2013) Origin and distribution of invasive Rubus fruticosus L. agg. (Rosaceae) clones in the Western United States. Biol Invansions 15:1331–1342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordeiro GM, Maguire TL, Edwards KJ, Henry RJ (1999) Optimization of a microsatellite enrichment technique in Saccharum spp. Plant Mol Biol Report 17:225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis J (1775) A description of the mangostan and the bread-fruit … the first, esteemed one of the most delicious, the other, the most useful of all the fruits of the East Indies : To which are added, directions to voyagers, for bringing over these and other vegetable productions, which would be extremely beneficial to the inhabitants of our West India Islands. The author, London

  • Esselink GD, Nybon H, Vosman B (2004) Assignment of allelic configurations in polyploids using the MAC-PR (microsatellite DNA allele counting-peak rations) method. Theor Appl Genet 109:402–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild DG (1903) The mangosteen, queen of tropical fruits. Soc Hort Sci Proc, 14–15

  • Garcin L (1733) The settling of a new genus of plants, called after the Malayans, Mangostans; by Laurentius Garcin MD, F. R. S. Translated from the French by Mr. Zollman, F. R. S. Philos Trans 38:232–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horn CL (1940a) Stimulation of growth in juvenile mangosteen plants. J Agric Res 61:397–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn CL (1940b) Existence of only one variety of cultivated mangosteen explained by asexually formed “seed”. Science 92:237–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (2014) Agricultural statistic. Center For Statistical Data, Jakarta

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoue E, Matsuki Y, Anzai H, Evans K (2007) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Mol Ecol Notes 7:445–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koressaar T, Remm M (2007) Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3. Bioinformatics 23(10):1289–91

  • Lim AL (1984) The embryology of Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae). Gard Bull 37:93–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Makful, Purnomo S, Sunyoto D (2010) Analysis Keragaman genetik manggis menggunakan teknik Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). J Hortic 20:313–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansyah E (2012) Genetic structure of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), Based on Morphology and Molecular Markers. Dissertation. Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University

  • Mansyah E, Anwarudinsyah MJ, Sadwiyanti L, Susiloadi A (1999) Genetics variability of mangosteen base on isozymes analysis and its relationship to phenotypic variability. Zuriat 10:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansyah E, Baihaki A, Setiamihardja R et al (2003) Analisis variabilitas genetik manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) di Jawa dan Sumatera Barat menggunakan teknik RAPD. Zuriat 14:35–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden W (1783) The history of Sumatra, containing an account of the government, laws, customs and manners of the native inhabitants, with a description of the natural productions, and a relation of the ancient political state of that island. McGreery & Black Horse Court, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Munzbergova Z, Surinova M, Castro S (2012) Absence of gene flow between diploids and hexaploids of Aster amellus at spatial scales. Heredity 110:123–130

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Noorrohmah S (2010) Analysis of genetic pattern consistency among four generations of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Based on ISSR Marker. Master thesis. Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University

  • Nunome T, Negoro S, Miyatake K et al (2006) A protocol for the construction microsatellite enriched genomic library. Plant Mol Biol Report 24:305–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obbard DJ, Harris SA, Pannell JR (2006) Simple allelic-phenotype diversity and differentiation statistics for allopolyploids. Heredity 97:296–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Siriwatanametanon N, Heinrich M (2009) Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 23:1047–1065

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paradis E, Claude J, Strimmer K (2004) APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20:289–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perotti E, Grimanelli D, John P et al. (2004) Why is transferring apomixis to crops still a dream? In: Fischer T, Turner N, Angus J et al., editors. New Directions for a Diverse Planet: Proceedings for the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Brisbane, Australia. URL: http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/3/2/1/1367_perottie.htm

  • Powell W, Machray GD, Provan J (1996) Polymorphic revealed by simple sequence repeats. Trends Plant Sci 1:217–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qosim WA, Patarapuwadol S, Watanabe KN (2011) Development of SSR markers of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Int J Biotechnol 2:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team (2011) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R foundation for statistical computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/

  • Ramage CM, Sando L, Peace CP et al (2004) Genetic diversity revealed in the apomictic fruit species Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen). Eupthyica 136:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AJ (1990a) Studies in Garcinia, dioecious tropical fruit trees: agamospermy. Bot J Linn Soc 103:233–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AJ (1990b) Studies in Garcinia, dioecious tropical fruit trees: the origin of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Bot J Linn Soc 103:301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AJ (1997) Plant breeding system, 2nd edn. Chapman & Hall, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AJ (2003) Apomixis in flowering plants: an overview. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 358:1085–1093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sando L, Peace C, Ramage CM et al (2005) Assessment of genetic diversity in Australian-grown mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and its wild relatives. Acta Horticult 692:143–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sari R (1997) The Garcinia collections of Bogor botanic garden: conservation and Potential. Prossiding of “Seminar National Konservasi Flora Nusantara”, 217–221

  • Schliep KP (2011) Phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R. Bioinformatics 27:592–593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid W (1855) Ueber das mangostin. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 93:83–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinaga S (2008) Analysis of genetic and phenotypic diversity of Mangosteen and related species. Dissertation. Graduate school, Bogor Agricltural University

  • Sinaga S, Sobir PR et al (2010) Genetic Diversity and the relationship between the Indonesia Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and the related species using isozyme markers. J Natur Indones 13:53–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobir, Poerwanto R (2007) Mangosteen genetics and improvement. Int J Plant Breed 1:105–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobir, Poerwanto R, Santosa E et al (2011) Genetic variability in apomictic mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and its close relatives (Garcinia spp.) based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 12:59–63

  • Soltis PS, Soltis DE (2000) The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids. PNAS 97:7051–7057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stajner N, Jakse J, Kozjak P, Javornik B (2005) The isolation and characterization of microsatellite in Hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Plant Sci 168:213–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens SE (1935) Some tropical fruits, I. The mangsoteen. Qld Agric J 44:346–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Tautz D (1989) Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA marker. Nucleic Acids Res 17:6443–6471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tixier P (1955) Contribution a’ l’etude des Garcinia. Fruits 10:209–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Uji T (2007) Keanekaragaman, persebaran, dan potensi jenis-jenis Garcinia di Indonesia. Berk Penel Hayati 12:129–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth BC, Remm M, Rozen SG (2012) Primer3 - new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Res 40(15):e115

  • Yaacob O, Tindall HD (1995) Mangosteen cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection, Paper No. 129

  • Yapwattanaphun C, Tachibana K, Yonemori K (2008) Pollen abortion in the flower of mangosteen. Acta Horticult 787:245–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yates P, Stout GH (1958) The structure of mangostin. J Am Chem Soc 80:1691–1700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zane L, Bargelloni L, Patarnello T (2002) Strategis for microsatellite isolation: a review. Mol Eco 11:1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Mr. Nanang and Mr. Supardi in Leuwiliang district, Mr. Gito in Kaligesing district, Mr. Supena in Puspahiang district, and Mr. Ade Sugema in Wanayasa district for helping in the collection of mangosteen samples from the field. We also thank Dr. Rismita Sari (Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesia), Dr. Reza Tirtawinata (Mekarsari Fruits Garden, Indonesia), and NIAS Genebank (Japan) for providing Garcinia species, and the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies of Bogor Agricultural University (Indonesia) for permission to conduct the research. We also thank D. Obbard for providing F-DASH software. DDM was supported by a MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology) Japanese Government scholarship during the performance of the research.

Author Contributions

All author contributed to the design of the research

D.D.M., R.P., S, E.S designed the morphological observation

D.D.M., H.H., H.A., E.I. designed the molecular analysis

D.D.M., wrote the manuscript with contributions and editing from E.I.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 3000393, Japan

    Deden Derajat Matra, Hisao Higashio & Eiichi Inoue

  2. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

    Deden Derajat Matra, Roedhy Poerwanto, Edi Santosa &  Sobir

  3. Gene Research Center, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 3000393, Japan

    Hiroyuki Anzai

Authors
  1. Deden Derajat Matra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roedhy Poerwanto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Edi Santosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sobir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hisao Higashio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hiroyuki Anzai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Eiichi Inoue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eiichi Inoue.

Additional information

Communicated by: Paulo Arruda

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 223 kb)

ESM 2

(DOCX 86.7 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Matra, D.D., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, E. et al. Analysis of Allelic Diversity and Genetic Relationships Among Cultivated Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Java, Indonesia Using Microsatellite Markers and Morphological Characters. Tropical Plant Biol. 9, 29–41 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12042-016-9161-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12042-016-9161-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation