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Population genetic structure and evolutionary demographic patterns of Phrynoderma karaavali, an edible frog species of Kerala, India

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Abstract

Trade and collection of edible frogs are banned in India. We used mitochondrial (16 and 12S DNA) and nuclear gene (Rag-1 and Rhodopsin) sequences to examine the population genetic and demographic structure of an edible frog species, Phrynoderma karaavali (Karaavali Skittering frog) from Kerala as it exist after the ban. Frogs from 11 sites show high mtDNA haplotype and nDNA diversity which indicates a stable or expanding population. The evolutionary demographic pattern suggests population expansion across its geographical range, even though the species is still subject to poaching. Two major population clusters were observed at the northern and southern end of the species range. Gene flow occurs despite of geographic barriers. Genetic distance increases with geographical distance. P. karaavali diverged from its sister species in Phrynoderma around 11 mya in the late Miocene.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Manoj P. (RGCB) for gene sequencing. We are grateful to Kerala Forest Department for permissions for sample collections (KFDHQ-28751/2018-CWW/WL10). We also thank RGCB for funding the work from the central grand. Anoop V. S. thank University Grants commission (UGC) for the research fellowship.

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  1. Transdisciplinary Biology Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 012, India

    V. S. Anoop & Sanil George

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  1. V. S. Anoop
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  2. Sanil George
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Correspondence to V. S. Anoop.

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Corresponding editor: Steven M. Carr

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Anoop, V.S., George, S. Population genetic structure and evolutionary demographic patterns of Phrynoderma karaavali, an edible frog species of Kerala, India. J Genet 102, 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-022-01407-5

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