Abstract
The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oil seed crop from which the flowers is used as medicine and food colorants. The present investigation was undertaken to explore gene effects for safflower’s pigments in flower including carthamin and carthamidin. Six generation including P\(_1\), P\(_2\), F\(_1\), F\(_2\), BC\(_1\) and BC\(_2\) that derived from two different crosses (Mex. 2-138 (P\(_2\)) \(\times \) Wht–Esf (P\(_1\)) and C\(_{111}\) (P\(_2\)) \(\times \) Wht–Esf (P\(_1\)) were used for generation of mean analysis. The joint scaling test showed that additive [a], additive \(\times \) additive [aa], and additive \(\times \) dominance [ad] effects were significant for genetic control of carthamin and carthamidin in both crosses. The traits, including carthamidin and carthamin, had medium (48%) and low (17%) narrow-sense heritability, respectively. The results obtained here could be suitable for designing the breeding strategies based on selection to improve carthamin and carthamidin pigments in safflower.
References
Al-Snafi A. E. 2015 The chemical constituents and pharmacological importance of Carthamus tinctorius - an overview. J. Pharm. Biol. 5, 143–166.
Asgarpanah J. and Kazemivash N. 2013 Photochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Carthamus tinctorius L. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 19, 153–159.
Falconer D. S. and Mackay T. F. C. 1996 Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4th edition. Longman, Essex, UK.
Fatahi N., Carapetian J. and Heidari R. 2008 Spectrophotometric measurement of valuable pigments from petals of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and their identification by TLC method. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 3, 761–763.
Golkar P. 2014 Breeding improvements in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): a review. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 8, 1079–1085.
Golkar P., Arzani A. and Rezai A. M. 2010 Inheritance of flower colour and spinelessness in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J. Genet. 89, 256–262.
Hussain M. I., Lyra D. A., Farooq M., Nikolaos N. and Khalid N. 2016 Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36, 4.
Jadhav B. A. and Joshi A. A. 2015 Extraction and quantitative estimation of bioactive component (yellow and red carthamin) from dried safflower petals. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 8, 1–5.
Kearsey M. J. and Pooni H. S. 2004 The genetical analysis of quantitative trials, 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall, London.
Khodambashi M., Bitaraf N. and Hoshmand S. 2012 Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its related traits in lentil. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. 14, 609–616.
Leus T. V. 2016 The inheritance of the yellow color in the safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Russ. J. Genet. Appl. Res. 6, 34–38.
Machewad G. M., Ghatge P., Chappalwar V., Jadhav B. and Chappalwar A. 2012 Studies on extraction of safflower pigments and its utilization in ice cream. J. Food Process. Technol. 3, 172.
Mather K. and Jinks J. L. 1982 Biometrical genetics, 3rd edition. Chapman and Hall, London.
Nakhaei M., Baghizadeh A., Mohammadi-Nejad G. and Golkar P. 2014 Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Annu. Res. Rev. Biol. 4, 337–346.
Singh R. J. 2007 Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement, oil seed crops, vol 2, pp. 308. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Singh S. and Pawar I. S. 2005 Theory and application of biometrical genetics, 1st edition. CBS Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Sultana A. and Anwer S. Y. 2014 Studied on valuable pigments from florets of safflower (C. tinctorius L.) and their identification by TLC method. Biosci. Biotech. Res. Asia 11, 839–843.
Uher J. 2008 Safflower in European floriculture: a review. Seventh International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Viana J. M. S. 2005 Dominance, epistasis, heritabilities and expected genetic gains. Genet. Mol. Biol. 28, 67–74.
Warner J. N. 1952. A method for estimating heritability. Agron. J. 44, 427–430.
Yue S. J., Tang Y. P., Li S. J. and Duan J. A. 2013 Chemical and biological properties of quinochalcone \(C\)-glycosides from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Molecules 18, 15220–15254.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Corresponding editor: Manoj Prasad
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golkar, P. Inheritance of carthamin and carthamidin in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Genet 97, 331–336 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-0909-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-0909-9