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Phylogeny and biogeography of Alyssum (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences

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Abstract

The genus Alyssum consists of about 195 species native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa. All species were assigned to six sections. Previous molecular phylogeny studies indicate that Alyssum is polyphyletic. However, the divergence time and dispersal of the genus are not well studied. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Alyssum were studied with nrDNA ITS sequences obtained from five sections. The divergence time was estimated by fossil calibration and the biogeography was examined by spread analysis. The phylogeny indicated two main lineages: lineage 1 includes the section of Alyssum, Gamosepalum and Psilonema; lineage 2 includes the section of Odontarrhena, Meniocus and Clypeola. The phylogenetic relationship was not congruent with the previous sectional classifications. The age of Alyssum was dated to the upper Miocene. Molecular data suggested the diversification of Alyssum in Mediterranean areas and wide-ranging distribution such as North Africa, eastward into Central Asia and immigration into North America. Climatic aridification and arid/semiarid areas established in the Pliocene/Pleistocene could have provided favourable conditions for the migration and diversification of Alyssum.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the 100 Talents Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors would like to thank Xue Liang, Xiaoyan Shen and Xueliang Zhang for help in sample extraction. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for helping to revise the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China

    YAN LI, YAN KONG, ZHE ZHANG, YANQIANG YIN, BIN LIU & XIYONG WANG

  2. College of Resource and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China

    YAN LI & GUANGHUI LV

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    YAN LI, YAN KONG, ZHE ZHANG & YANQIANG YIN

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  1. YAN LI
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Correspondence to BIN LIU.

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Li Y., Kong Y., Zhang Z., Yin Y., Liu B., Lv G. and Wang X. 2014 Phylogeny and biogeography of Alyssum (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. J. Genet. 93, xx-xx

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LI, Y., KONG, Y., ZHANG, Z. et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of Alyssum (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. J Genet 93, 313–323 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-014-0362-3

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