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Multiscale teleconnection analysis of rainfall patterns over Calicut, India using wavelet coherence

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Abstract

Understanding the association of climatic oscillations (COs) and meteorological parameters (MPs) with rainfall is of considerable significance in the management of water resources. This study used bivariate wavelet coherence (BWC), partial wavelet coherence (PWC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC) formulations for investigating the multiscale coherence of monthly mean rainfall of Calicut, Kerala, India with diverse sets of COs and local MPs. Firstly, the multiscale association between rainfall of 1970 and 2019 with four COs, viz., El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are investigated using different WC formulations. The BWC and PWC analyses detected PDO and NAO as the significant COs influencing rainfall of Calicut, strongly modulated by ENSO and IOD. MWC analysis with 11 combinations of COs revealed the highest coherence for ENSO–IOD and ENSO–PDO–NAO, indicating an equally strong influence of different COs upon the rainfall of Calicut. Further, the teleconnections of rainfall with local MPs, viz., maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (U) and evaporation (E) over Calicut are also analyzed. The BWC analysis detected annual periodicity in all the time series, with an additional band at the scale of six months in Tmin series. The coherence strength quantified in terms of average wavelet coherence (AWC) and percentage of significant coherence (PSC) showed that evaporation was the most significant MP (AWC of 0.66 and PSC of 54%) modulated strongly by wind speed. The MWC analysis of rainfall with MPs displayed the highest coherence for Tmin–E and U–Tmin–E combinations in the rainfall of Calicut.

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Acknowledgement

The second author gratefully acknowledges the National Institute of Technology Calicut for providing the facility for the Summer Internship programme to perform this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, 691 005, Kerala, India

    S Adarsh & S Fathima

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 670 601, Kerala, India

    R Arunkumar

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  1. S Adarsh
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  2. S Fathima
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  3. R Arunkumar
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Contributions

AS and AKR conceptualized the problem. AKR provided the data. AS and FS developed the codes. FS implemented the work and prepared the draft version of the manuscript. AS and AKR revised the manuscript, supervised the work and addressed the review comments.

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Correspondence to S Adarsh.

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Communicated by Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay

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Adarsh, S., Fathima, S. & Arunkumar, R. Multiscale teleconnection analysis of rainfall patterns over Calicut, India using wavelet coherence. J Earth Syst Sci 133, 20 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02228-5

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