Abstract
Potential analysis (PA) method is used to investigate the randomness or stochastic noise in 1-minute Dst and SYM-H data during highly disturbed as well as solar minimum quiet periods. This method is helpful in understanding the behaviour of a system whose internal parameters are unknown. The effect of random noise is exhibited in the number of wells in the potential function and in the bifurcation of states. Higher the number of state, higher the effect of random noise in the system. Our study focuses on PA of 12 intense geomagnetic storms of solar cycle (SC) 23 with peak Dst ≤ –200 nT and 12 quiet events with Dst ≥ –50 nT during solar minimum periods, using 1-minute Dst and SYM-H data for a period of 10 days each. Storm phases were least affected by random noise, while undisturbed periods were episodes of higher noisy states. Random noise in the indices can be attributed to different factors, including the effect of solar wind dynamic pressure on Dst estimation, contribution of different ion species to ring current, storm time super substorms, etc. Role of other factors is subjected to further analysis.
Research highlights
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Different noisy states of Dst and SYM-H indices during disturbed and noisy periods are studied using the method of potential analysis.
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Storm phases are found to be least affected by noise
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Pre-storm and post storm periods transit to higher noisy states from noiseless storm phases.
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Solar minimum quiet periods are episodes of higher random noise compared to other disturbed periods.
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Random noise in the indices can be attributed to different factors like SW dynamic pressure, geomagnetic energy, ion contributions to ring currents, storm time substorms etc.
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Acknowledgement
We thank NASA SPDF OMNIWEB data explorer, USGS Geomagnetism Program: (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V6WO7G.), CDAWeb-Space Physics Data Facility, NASA for providing the data for carrying out this work.
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The first author has carried out all data collection and analysis part, and the second author has performed all interpretations of the results obtained.
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Communicated by T Narayana Rao
Correesponding editor: T Narayana Rao
Appendix
Appendix
Correlation of SW pressure with storm indices.
Event | Correlation of SW pressure with | |
|---|---|---|
SYM-H | Dst | |
1 | –0.308 | –0.407 |
2 | Data gap | |
3 | –0.564 | –0.593 |
4 | –0.062 | –0.157 |
5 | –0.190 | –0.193 |
6 | –0.724 | –0.736 |
7 | 0.240 | 0.200 |
8 | –0.361 | –0.420 |
9 | –0.331 | –0.354 |
10 | 0.305 | 0.345 |
11 | –0.278 | –0.233 |
12 | –0.036 | 0.007 |
Average correlation | –0.210 | –0.231 |
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Nair, D.R., Prince, P.R. Investigation of random noise in SYM-H and Dst during intense geomagnetic storms and solar quiet days of SC 23 using the method of potential analysis. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 172 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02168-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02168-0