Abstract
The continuous decline in groundwater levels/groundwater storage and the projected increase in groundwater usage along the coast of a region need a scientific, systematic management plan to protect from saltwater intrusion. Accurate estimation of groundwater level or storage variation is very much essential for better groundwater resource management in coastal areas. In this present study, the trend of groundwater storage (GW) changes is studied along the coast of Kerala using terrestrial water storage (TWS) from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and soil moisture (SM) from GLDAS during the period 2002–2020. The trend in groundwater level is also studied using in-situ observations. The data from GRACE mission and GLDAS is interpolated to the in-situ observation well locations. The trend is analysed using Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Sen’s innovative trend analysis (ITA), Sen’s slope (SS), and wavelet analysis. The findings reveal a falling trend in 13 wells during the pre-monsoon season and high salinity was observed in a few wells. From Sen’s slope, it was found that the average decline in groundwater level is 1 cm/yr and groundwater storage change is 0.1 cm/yr. A negative trend in groundwater should be seen with caution and proper management measures should be taken to arrest further decline in groundwater levels.
Research highlights
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The trend analysis using MK, SS and ITA showed that there is significant falling trend of groundwater storage change and groundwater level along the coastal aquifer of Kerala.
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A negative trend of groundwater should be seen with caution and proper measures should be taken in these areas to arrest further decline in groundwater levels.
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Soil moisture has a significant role in variability of Terrestrial Water Storage.
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Renu S: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, validation, visualization, writing – original draft. S K Pramada: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, supervision, writing – review and editing.
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Communicated by Abhijit Mukherjee
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Renu, S., Pramada, S.K. Use of grace and in-situ data to characterize groundwater status along the coast of Kerala. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02150-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02150-w