Abstract
Extraction of shorelines using satellite imagery is an effective method because customary digitization is a long and hectic process. This study focuses on extracting and detecting shoreline changes from Landsat-8 imageries of the Visakhapatnam–Kakinada coast along the east coast of India using an object-based approach. An object-based approach for the automatic detection of coastline from Landsat imagery using the Feature Extraction Workflow by Maximum Likelihood is implemented by the maximum classification method (MLC). The resulting vector polyline is smoothened for every 100 m using ArcGIS software. Delineation of multi-temporal satellite images was performed by visual interpretation from 2014 to 2019 to detect the shoreline changes. Different available techniques and methods are employed to observe shoreline changes. In addition to this, the shoreline information simulated by satellite remote sensing is in fair agreement with RTK GPS observations. The observed and remote sensing shoreline changes help to identify the areas of accretion and eroding zones over the long term. During this study, erosion and deposition changes were observed along RK beach, Rushikonda beach, Uppada beach, and Kakinada beach. The spatial variation rates were calculated using the statistical methods of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) during specific periods. The maximum observed shoreline accretion and erosion rates at Kakinada are 5.3 and –4.35 m/year indicates slight accretion. The maximum observed accretion and erosion rates at Uppada beach are 3.8 and –6.78 m/year, respectively indicating erosion. Similarly, at RK Beach the maximum observed shoreline accretion and erosion rates are 3.68 and –3.68 m/year, respectively indicating the beach is in a stable state. At Rushikonda beach, the maximum observed shoreline accretion and erosion rates are 2.24 and –3.04 m/year, respectively indicating erosion.
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Acknowledgements
NCCR is gratefully acknowledged for funding the project. The authors are thankful to the Director, Center for Studies on Bay of Bengal, Andhra University, for his continued help and support. We would like to thank the AP Tourism Department for permitting the beach survey. We are also thankful to Prof. B S R Reddy for his support and encouragement. We sincerely acknowledge the support of USGS Earth Explorer, USA, for providing satellite imagery.
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Gireesh B has reviewed the literature, adopted and implemented the MLC method, executed the DSAS using ArcGIS and prepared the original manuscript. Acharyulu P S N has revised the manuscript and shared the knowledge in implementing this work. Venkateswarlu Ch provided inputs on satellite image analysis. Sivaiah B and Venkateswararao K revised the manuscript and suggested minor changes. Prasad K V S R shared his experience and provided guidance. C V Naidu has provided overall support and guidance.
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Communicated by Maripi Dileep
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Gireesh, B., Acharyulu, P.S.N., CH, V. et al. Extraction and mapping of shoreline changes along the Visakhapatnam–Kakinada coast using satellite imageries. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02052-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02052-x