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Application of instantaneous spectral decomposition-based porosity simulations for imaging shallow-marine stratigraphic traps of Lower-Eocene carbonates sequences of Indus Basin, Onshore Pakistan

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Abstract

Carbonate sedimentary reservoirs are developed during a very short distance from the source rock to the reservoir formations. The reservoir formations require a seal, which can stop the migration of oil and gas-bearing reserves to stop further upward migrations. The chief aim of this study is to predict the coarse-grained, hydrocarbon-bearing, and porous stratigraphic traps inside the Lower-Eocene carbonate sequences of the Indus Basin, onshore Pakistan. The conventional seismic amplitudes are not sufficient enough to predict the exact quality of the reservoir, which has accumulated the porous reservoir facies. This study utilizes the seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity simulation technologies applied to predict primary porosity for Habib Rahi Limestone (HRL) of the onshore Indus Basin, Pakistan. Exploration of stratigraphic traps is constrained to predict the porous, fractured, and thin-bedded carbonate reservoir systems. The bandlimited seismic attributes have predicted limited distribution of porous limestone facies. The 45-Hz tuning block has resolved the regionally distributed lenticular shoal limestone lens. The bandlimited porosity modelling has demonstrated extensive noise effects. Extensive processing was applied using the amplitude spectrum of 15–75 Hz on HRL for reservoir quality control. This processing has identified the ‘sweet spots’ within the complete shoal platform. The conventional porosity model showed tuning effects within the fluctuating porosities of 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5%. The 45 Hz has predicted thickness between 65 and 73 m and porosity between 25 and 30%, which makes this shoal reservoir a suitable trap for future exploration. The predicted thickness of sealing shales was 300 m. The oil-bearing reservoir lenses have 20 and 25% porosity. These low porosities are caused due to the inclusions of shale effects on overall porosity. The oil-bearing carbonate sequences have implications of moderate-to-high rate development of accommodation space for the deposition of coarse-grained limestone during the relative sea-level rise. The gas-bearing carbonate sequences have implications for the high-rate development of accommodation space for the deposition of coarse-grained limestone during the extensive sea-level fall. These limestone beds validate the regional stratigraphic implications between 25 and 31% porosity.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Muhammad Tayyab Naseer is thankful to the Directorate General of Petroleum Concession (DGPC) for giving permission to publish this paper. He is also thankful to Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University and LMKR for providing the research data and seismic-micro-technology (SMT)-Kingdom Software 8.6 Support, for providing the academic license of the geological and geophysical platforms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, 44000, Islamabad, 25120, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab Naseer

  2. Center for Earthquake Studies (CES), National Center for Physics (NCP), Quaid-I-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab Naseer

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  1. Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
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Conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing - original draft, review and editing, visualization, supervision, are done by Dr Muhammad Tayyab Naseer.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Tayyab Naseer.

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Communicated by Arkoprovo Biswas

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Naseer, M.T. Application of instantaneous spectral decomposition-based porosity simulations for imaging shallow-marine stratigraphic traps of Lower-Eocene carbonates sequences of Indus Basin, Onshore Pakistan. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 22 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-02039-0

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