Abstract
The information about the ongoing tectonic faulting process causing earthquakes in an area having single or sparse seismological waveform data available remains a mystery for seismologists. The usual P-wave polarity inversion is unable to find the solution to the earthquake mechanism if the event is recorded with a lower azimuthal coverage network. Recently some seismologists seek towards the moment tensor solution and tried to find the focal mechanisms of earthquakes. The present work is a step in the same direction. Twelve regional earthquakes recorded by a distant seismological network in the Siang region of Arunachal Himalaya have been analyzed using ISOLA codes developed by Sokos and Zahradnik (2008). The solutions obtained by CMT Harvard by inversion of a large number of available waveform data have been considered standards. In the present study, moment tensor solutions have been estimated using the hypocentre locations given by the CMT catalog. The obtained solutions are comparable with the CMT solutions reported. High variance reduction has been obtained for the analyzed earthquakes that agree with the observations by Delouis and Legrand (1999), Kim and Kraeva (1999), Kim et al. (2000), Dragger (2003), and Maercklin et al. (2011) that moment tensor solutions can be obtained by using single station waveform data. The present study infers that the moment tensor inversion would be useful for obtaining information about the ongoing faulting process for which limited waveform data is available. For most of the Himalayan earthquakes which occur northern side of the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the seismological networks in those areas are either very sparse or not instrumented at all. The knowledge of undergone tectonics of this region was established with various faults visible on the surface by geologists and lacks the knowledge of the present situation of ongoing tectonics of the region. Hence, the moment tensor solutions obtained using available data will help in understanding the ongoing tectonic processes of the regions lacking well coverage of seismological networks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chang K, Chi W C, Gung Y, Dreger D, Lee W H and Chiu H C 2011 Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009; Tectonophys. 511(1–2) 53–66.
Chlieh M, Avouac J P, Hjorleifsdottir V, Song T R A, Ji C, Sieh K, Sladen A, Hebert H, Prawirodirdjo L, Bock Y and Galetzka J 2007 Coseismic slip and after slip of the great Mw 9.15 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 2004; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 97(1A) S152–S173.
Curray J R 2005 Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region; J. Asian Earth Sci. 25(1) 187–232.
Curray J R, Moore D G, Lawver L A, Emmel F J, Raitt R W, Henry M and Kieckhefer R 1979 Tectonics of the Andaman Sea and Burma: Convergent margins, pp. 189–198.
Delouis B and Legrand D 1999 Focal mechanism determination and identification of the fault plane of earthquakes using only one or two near-source seismic recordings; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 89(6) 1558–1574.
Dreger D S 1993 Modeling earthquakes with local and regional broadband data, PhDT. Calif Inst of Tectnol, Pasadena.
Dreger D S 2003 TDMT_INV: Time domain seismic moment tensor inversion, Int. Handbk. Earthquake Eng. Seismol, 81p.
Dreger D S and Helmberger D V 1991 Complex faulting deduced from broadband modeling of the 28 February 1990 Upland earthquake (ML = 5.2); Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 81(4) 1129–1144.
Dreger D S and Helmberger D V 1993 Determination of source parameters at regional distances with three‐component sparse network data; J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 98(B5) 8107–8125.
Fitch T J 1972 Plate convergence, transcurrent faults, and internal deformation adjacent to southeast Asia and the western Pacific; J. Geophys. Res. 77(23) 4432–4460.
Gansser A 1964 Geology of the Himalayas, Interscience Publishers, John Wiley, London.
Helmberger D V and Engen G R 1980 Modeling the long-period body waves from shallow earthquakes at regional ranges; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 70(5) 1699–1714.
Herrmann R B and Wang C Y 1985 A comparison of synthetic seismograms; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 75(1) 41–56.
Ho‐Liu P, Kanamori H and Clayton R W 1988 Applications of attenuation tomography to Imperial Valley and Coso‐Indian Wells region, southern California; J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 93(B9) 10,501–10,520.
Jost M U and Herrmann R B 1989 A student’s guide to and review of moment tensors; Seismol. Res. Lett. 60(2) 37–57.
Kanamori H and Given J W 1981 Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquake-source parameters; Phys. Earth Planet. Interior. 27(1) 8–31.
Kayal J R 2001 Microearthquake activity in some parts of the Himalaya and the tectonic model; Tectonophys. 339(3–4) 331–351.
Kayal J R 2007 Recent large earthquakes in India: Seismotectonic perspective; IAGR Memoir 10 189–199.
Khattri K, Wyss M, Gaur V K, Saha S N and Bansal V K 1983 Local seismic activity in the region of the Assam gap, northeast India; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 73(2) 459–469.
Kim S G and Kraeva N 1999 Source parameter determination of local earthquakes in Korea using moment tensor inversion of single station data; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 89(4) 1077–1082.
Kim S G, Kraeva N and Chen Y T 2000 Source parameter determination of regional earthquakes in the Far East using moment tensor inversion of single-station data; Tectonophys. 317(1–2) 125–136.
Kim W, Seeber L and Armbruster J G 2002 Source process of the Mw 5.0 Au Sable Forks, New York, Earthquake sequence from local aftershock monitoring network data; In: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 2002 S22D-01, 1077–1082.
Knopoff L and Randall M J 1970 The compensated linear-vector dipole: A possible mechanism for deep earthquakes; J. Geophys. Res. 75(26) 4957–4963.
Kumar R, Gupta S C and Kumar A 2014 Attenuation characteristics of seismic body waves for the crust of Lower Siang region of Arunachal Himalaya; Int. J. Adv. Res. 2(6) 742–755.
Langston C A 1981 Source inversion of seismic waveforms: The Koyna, India, earthquakes of 13 September 1967; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 71(1) 1–24.
Le Fort P 1975 Himalayas: The collided range. Present knowledge of the continental arc; Am. J. Sci. 275(1) 1–44.
Maercklin N, Zollo A, Orefice A, Festa G, Emolo A, De Matteis R, Delouis B and Bobbio A 2011 The effectiveness of a distant accelerometer array to compute seismic source parameters: The April 2009 L’Aquila earthquake case history; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 101(1) 354–365.
McCaffrey R 2009 The tectonic framework of the Sumatran subduction zone; Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 37 345–366.
Pasyanos M E, Dreger D S and Romanowicz B 1996 Toward real-time estimation of regional moment tensors; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86(5) 1255–1269.
Pinar A, Kuge K and Honkura Y 2003 Moment tensor inversion of recent small to moderate sized earthquakes: Implications for seismic hazard and active tectonics beneath the Sea of Marmara; Geophys. J. Int. 153(1) 133–145.
Qidong X and Jianwei L 2003 Migration of ore-forming fluids and its relation to zoning of mineralization in northern Lanping Cu-polymetallic metallogenic area, Yunnan Province: Evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes; Miner. Deposits-Beijing 22(4) 375–376.
Sieh K and Natawidjaja D 2000 Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia; J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 105(B12) 28,295–28,326.
Sokos E N and Zahradnik J 2008 ISOLA a Fortran code and a Matlab GUI to perform multiple-point source inversion of seismic data; Comp. Geosci. 34(8) 967–977.
Stead R J 1990 Finite differences and a coupled analytic technique with applications to explosions and earthquakes, Doctoral dissertation, California Institute of Technology.
Wallace T C, Helmberger D V and Mellman G R 1981 A technique for the inversion of regional data in source parameter studies. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 86(B3) 1679–1685.
Walter W R 1993 Source parameters of the June 29, 1992 Little Skull Mountain earthquake from complete regional waveforms at a single station; Geophys. Res. Lett. 20(5) 403–406.
Wang Y, Sieh K, Tun S T, Lai K Y and Myint T 2014 Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region; J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth 119(4) 3767–3822.
Zahradnik J, Jansky J and Plicka V 2008 Detailed waveform inversion for moment tensors of M ∼ 4 events: Examples from the Corinth Gulf, Greece; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 98(6) 2756–2771.
Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to Prof H R Wason for providing the data. The authors are also thankful to Jaypee Ventures Pvt. Ltd., Noida for funding the project under which data is collected.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Dr Rohtash Kumar performed the inversion and wrote the manuscript. Dr Arjun Kumar formatted the waveform. Dr S C Gupta supervised the manuscript. Mr S P Singh and Dr Rajeev Saran Ahluwalia helped in improving the English and text. Mr Ragav Singh plotted the high-quality figures.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Anand Joshi
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Gupta, S.C. et al. Moment tensor solutions of some regional events using 3-component single station waveform data. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 239 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01984-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01984-0