Abstract
The Central Water Commission (CWC) revised its estimates of water resources availability (WRA) for river basins of India in June 2019 (CWC19). Despite more than six years of modelling effort, several major drawbacks remain – the model needs extensive inputs on water management and seasonal crop growth; model calibration is cumbersome and not very effective; and, it cannot be easily extended to other years or ungauged basins. This paper proposes a conceptually equivalent, but simpler, alternative to estimate WRA using evapotranspiration (ET) products based on remote sensing or land surface models (ETRS). In this approach, WRA is formulated in terms of ET and necessary assumptions are made to account for ET from irrigated areas. The proposed alternative does not involve any modelling, does not require any inputs on water management or crop growth, and is applicable even in ungauged basins. The analysis presented here has two main parts. In the first part, since ETRS products are prone to systematic biases they are evaluated for their validity against basin-scale proxy observations of ET. In the second part, the validated ETRS products are used to estimate WRA using the proposed approach. Over Godavari and Krishna river basins of peninsular India, and also 15 sub-basins within these two basins, five state-of-the-art ETRS products (ERA5-Land, GLEAM, NTSG/MOD16, NTSG/PLSH and FEWS/SSEBop) are evaluated. At a basin-scale two of these products, ERA5 and SSEBop, are found to have limited bias and reasonably captured annual basin-scale ET. Using these two products, WRA is estimated for the two basins and their 15 sub-basins. Resulting WRA estimates are found to be similar to, and highly consistent with, those from CWC19. Potential causes of discrepancies in WRA between CWC19 and this study are discussed, drawbacks of this approach and potential improvements, and next steps in expanding this work to other river basins of India are also discussed.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their help in making this manuscript better. A number of publicly available datasets are used in this study and are cited wherever applicable. National boundaries are obtained from Survey of India and are shown for spatial reference only. Software used in this analysis includes the R statistical computing and graphics software for data analysis (https://www.r-project.org/), QGIS for GIS analysis (https://qgis.org/en/site/), and Open Office for spreadsheet compilation (https://www.openoffice.org/).
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All analyses presented here were performed by the author of this paper using only his personal computer and publicly available resources.
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Communicated by Riddhi Singh
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Goteti, G. Estimation of water resources availability (WRA) using gridded evapotranspiration data: A simpler alternative to Central Water Commission’s WRA assessment. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 225 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01956-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01956-4