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Depositional architecture of sub-aqueous part of a tide-dominated delta and its palaeogeographic implications: Laisong Formation (Barail Group), Indo-Myanmar Ranges, western Manipur

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Abstract

In western Manipur, India, a ~765 m thick dominantly fine-grained succession of the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene Laisong Formation, constituted of siltstone-silty-shale heterolithic units at its lower part and thickly bedded sandstones in the upper part, allowed documentation of subaqueous part of a tidal delta. The abundant incidence of features including lenticular, wavy bedding, starved ripple trains, syn-sedimentary deformation, reactivation and erosional surfaces, double-mud drapes, tangential bottom set contact, rip-up mud clasts bear tell-tale evidence in favour of tidal modulations. Furthermore, a prominent thickening- and coarsening-up progradational facies stacking motif is correlated as signature for tide-dominated delta. From process-based facies and facies succession analysis, five different sub-aqueous environments of delta were delineated which include prodelta, terminal distributary channel, distal delta front, proximal delta front sheet and proximal delta front lobe in order of stratigraphic superposition. The river-fed sediments were extensively reworked by accentuated tidal currents in an embayed coastline, developed along a narrow, elongated ocean basin bordered by the Indian plate on its west and Burmese micro-plate in the east. A local-scale subsidence and sea-level rise is inferred as trigger for the Laisong tidal delta development in the backdrop of its Late Eocene–Early Oligocene time frame that otherwise witnessed large-scale growth of east Antarctic ice sheet and regional scale fall in sea-level.

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Acknowledgements

PK acknowledges the scientific project and financial support from the Delhi University under the Research and Development scheme (R&D Grant) for a period of 2015–2016 to carry out the part of this research study. The infrastructure facility extended by the Department of Geology, University of Delhi, is thankfully acknowledged. Funding was provided by Research and Development (R&D Grant) Delhi University (RC/2015-16/6820).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

    Pramod Kumar, Kshetrimayum Lakshmirani Devi & Partha Pratim Chakraborty

  2. Department of Geology, United College, Chandel, Manipur, 795 127, India

    Hemanta Singh Rajkumar

Authors
  1. Pramod Kumar
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  2. Kshetrimayum Lakshmirani Devi
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  3. Partha Pratim Chakraborty
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  4. Hemanta Singh Rajkumar
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Contributions

Pramod Kumar: Problem visualisation, field work, data acquisition and manuscript writing. Kshetrimayum Lakshmirani Devi: Data acquisition, field work, map and figure construction. Partha Pratim Chakraborty: Scientific input and manuscript writing. Hemanta Singh Rajkumar: Field work, scientific input related to trace fossils and manuscript writing.

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Correspondence to Pramod Kumar.

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Communicated by Santanu Banerjee

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Kumar, P., Devi, K.L., Chakraborty, P.P. et al. Depositional architecture of sub-aqueous part of a tide-dominated delta and its palaeogeographic implications: Laisong Formation (Barail Group), Indo-Myanmar Ranges, western Manipur. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 103 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01843-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01843-y

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