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Analysis of the groundwater scenario with respect to the crop water productivity for the Betwa–Dhasan river basin, Bundelkhand using remote sensing techniques

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Abstract

Excessive water use in the agricultural sector in the Betwa–Dhasan basin of the Bundelkhand region is becoming the cause of irrepressible drawdown in the groundwater level. These changing dynamics are becoming the cause of water scarcity in the basin and increasing difficulty in fulfilling the water demand of the area. For incorporating the water-saving agricultural practices in the region, it is essential to have a precise estimation of the crop water productivity (CWP) and evapotranspiration (ET) at the basin scale. In this analysis, the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2013–2014 have been included. The ET and CWP have been calculated for all the seasons. The MODIS satellite imageries have been used for calculating the ET using the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) algorithm. The highest CWP has been recorded as 2.56 kg/m3 for the Rabi season 2014. With the increase in the demand for water for irrigation and agricultural purposes, the groundwater gets depleted. The decadal groundwater fluctuation map of the Rabi season (2005–2014) shows that groundwater gets depleted by more than 30 m within this period in some of the river basin regions situated in the Jhansi and Tikamgarh districts.

Research highlights

  • CWP is more in the Rabi season as compared to the Kharif season.

  • The yield also has the same trend as that of CWP.

  • Groundwater depleted less in the Kharif season as compared to the Rabi season.

  • During the decadal Rabi season (2005–2014), the groundwater depleted most in some of the areas in the Tikamgarh and Jhansi districts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to take this opportunity to pay gratitude to CGWB and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology for providing groundwater data and yield data, respectively. The authors would like to express their thankfulness towards Dr Prabhat Kumar Singh Dixit, HoD of Civil Engineering Department, IIT (BHU), for assigning Geoinformatics Engineering Laboratory to perform this analysis. Satellite datasets had been accessed through GEE platform https://earthengine.google.com.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221 005, India

    Rajarshi Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan Choubey, Nilendu Das, Anurag Ohri, S B Dwivedi & Shishir Gaur

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  1. Rajarshi Bhattacharjee
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  2. Abhinandan Choubey
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  3. Nilendu Das
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Contributions

Rajarshi Bhattacharjee, Shishir Gaur, and Nilendu Das: Conceptualization; Rajarshi Bhattacharjee and Abhinandan Choubey: Software; Rajarshi Bhattacharjee and Abhinandan Choubey: Methodology and validation; Nilendu Das: Writing original draft; S B Dwivedi, Anurag Ohri, and Shishir Gaur: Supervision; S B Dwivedi, Anurag Ohri, and Shishir Gaur: Reviewing and Editing.

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Correspondence to Nilendu Das.

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Communicated by Aparna Shukla

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Bhattacharjee, R., Choubey, A., Das, N. et al. Analysis of the groundwater scenario with respect to the crop water productivity for the Betwa–Dhasan river basin, Bundelkhand using remote sensing techniques. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 205 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01709-9

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