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Petrogenesis of the Late Archean Kanara Batholith of the Western Dharwar Craton: Evidence for mid-deep crustal recycling of the Archean felsic crust

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Abstract

Kanara Batholith is an intrusive granitoid pluton into the basement biotite-gneisses and the supracrustal rocks of the Western Ghats Belt (WGB). The pluton is situated in the western margin of the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC). These granitoids are classified as granodiorite and granite based on their field and petrographic characteristics. Based on the abundance and presence of alkali-feldspar phenocrysts, the granites are further classified as porphyritic and non-porphyritic granites. Biotite±amphibole is a dominant mafic mineral phase in the granodiorites, whereas amphiboles are absent in the studied granites. Textural coarsening has played a significant role in the growth of the mineral crystals within the studied granitoids. Thermobarometric study suggests that the granites were emplaced and crystallized at pressures between 4.32 and 4.92 kbar and temperatures between 548±15° and 715±15°C. Further, it is estimated that the granitoid magma intruded the gneissic country rocks and the supracrustal sequences of the WGB corresponding to a depth of ~15 to 17 km. Geochemical evidence indicates that the source magmas of the studied granitoids were derived from the interaction between (i) a melt derived from the partial melting of the basement biotite gneisses and (ii) a melt derived from the partial melting of the early Archean metasedimentary rocks that form enclaves within the basement biotite gneisses. These two source magmas have interacted subsequently to yield a hybrid felsic magma, resulting in the Kanara Batholith formation. The interaction between the melts took place at shallow to mid-crustal levels at pressures \(\lesssim \) 5 kbar before the crystallization began.

Research Highlights

  • Kanara Batholiths are the products of hybrid magmatism.

  • They were emplaced in the shallow to mid-crustal levels.

  • Mid-deep crustal recycling of the Paleoarchean crust in the Dharwar Foreland region resulted in the formation of the source magmas for these granitoids.

  • The studied granitoids contains multiple phases of magma injections in to the basement biotite-gneisses and the Western Ghats greenstone belt.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Ram Mohan and Dr Srinivasa Sarma of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad and Dr Sajeev Krishnan of Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru are thanked for extending analytical facilities. Mr Bikash Nayak, Mr Bilal Ibn Ashraf, Mr Githin Mon and Mr Subhendu Pradhan were greatly helpful during the field work and sample preparation. CKB acknowledges the financial support received from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India in the form of Early Career Research (ECR) Grant (ECR/2016/001449). CKB is thankful to Dr Kumar Batuk Joshi for the discussions during the preparation of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Head, Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, for providing infrastructural facilities to carry out this study.

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  1. Ore Research and Exploration (ORE) Group, Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671 320, India

    Jayant K Padhi, Chandan K Boraiaha & Rashmi Chandan

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  1. Jayant K Padhi
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Contributions

JKP: Formal analysis, resources, software, writing – original draft. CKB: Conceptualization, methodology, visualization, supervision, funding acquisition, writing – original draft, review and editing, supervision. RC: Formal analysis and software.

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Correspondence to Chandan K Boraiaha.

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Communicated by N V Chalapathi Rao

Supplementary material pertaining to this article is available on the Journal of Earth System Science website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

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Padhi, J.K., Boraiaha, C.K. & Chandan, R. Petrogenesis of the Late Archean Kanara Batholith of the Western Dharwar Craton: Evidence for mid-deep crustal recycling of the Archean felsic crust. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 155 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01648-5

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