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Correlation of the oldest Toba Tuff to sediments in the central Indian Ocean Basin

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Abstract

We have identified an ash layer in association with Australasian microtektites of ∼0.77 Ma old in two sediment cores which are ∼450 km apart in the central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB). Morphology and chemical composition of glass shards and associated microtektites have been used to trace their provenance. In ODP site 758 from Ninetyeast Ridge, ash layer-D (13 cm thick, 0.73–0.75 Ma) and layer-E (5 cm thick, 0.77–0.78 Ma) were previously correlated to the oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) eruptions of the Toba caldera, Sumatra. In this investigation, we found tephra ∼3100 km to the southwest of Toba caldera that is chemically identical to layer D of ODP site 758 and ash in the South China Sea correlated to the OTT. Layer E is not present in the CIOB or other ocean basins. The occurrence of tephra correlating to layer D suggests a widespread distribution of OTT tephra (∼3.6 × 107 km2), an ash volume of at least ∼1800 km3, a total OTT volume of 2300 km3, and classification of the OTT eruption as a super-eruption.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    J. N. Pattan & M. Shyam Prasad

  2. National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    E. V. S. S. K. Babu

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  1. J. N. Pattan
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  2. M. Shyam Prasad
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  3. E. V. S. S. K. Babu
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Correspondence to J. N. Pattan.

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Pattan, J.N., Shyam Prasad, M. & Babu, E.V.S.S.K. Correlation of the oldest Toba Tuff to sediments in the central Indian Ocean Basin. J Earth Syst Sci 119, 531–539 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-010-0027-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-010-0027-4

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