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Plant innate immunity: An updated insight into defense mechanism

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Abstract

Plants are invaded by an array of pathogens of which only a few succeed in causing disease. The attack by others is countered by a sophisticated immune system possessed by the plants. The plant immune system is broadly divided into two, viz. microbial-associated molecular-patterns-triggered immunity (MTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). MTI confers basal resistance, while ETI confers durable resistance, often resulting in hypersensitive response. Plants also possess systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-term defense against a broad-spectrum of pathogens. Salicylic-acid-mediated systemic acquired immunity provokes the defense response throughout the plant system during pathogen infection at a particular site. Trans-generational immune priming allows the plant to heritably shield their progeny towards pathogens previously encountered. Plants circumvent the viral infection through RNA interference phenomena by utilizing small RNAs. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of plant immune system, and the latest breakthroughs reported in plant defense. We discuss the plant–pathogen interactions and integrated defense responses in the context of presenting an integral understanding in plant molecular immunity.

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Acknowledgements

Grateful thanks are due to the Director, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, for providing facilities. The authors’ work in this area was supported by the core grant of NIPGR. MM acknowledges the award of Junior Research Fellowship from University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi.

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  1. National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Mehanathan Muthamilarasan & Manoj Prasad

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  1. Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
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Correspondence to Manoj Prasad.

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Corresponding editor: Indranil Dasgupta

MS received 14 November 2012; accepted 08 January 2013

Corresponding editor: Indranil Dasgupta

[Muthamilarasan M and Prasad M 2013 Plant innate immunity: An updated insight into defense mechanism. J. Biosci. 38 1–17] DOI 10.1007/s12038-013-9302-2

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Muthamilarasan, M., Prasad, M. Plant innate immunity: An updated insight into defense mechanism. J Biosci 38, 433–449 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-013-9302-2

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