Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of intense solar flares on TEC variation at low-latitude station Varanasi

  • Published:
Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of intense solar flares on total electron content (TEC) variability during the declining phase of solar cycle-24 is studied at the low-latitude station at Varanasi, India (Geog. Lat. 25.31° N, Geog. Long. 82.97° E, Geomag. Lat. 16.54° N, Geomag. Long. 157.09° E). In the present paper, we have chosen the intense solar flares that occurred during 9–13 March 2015, 1–2 January 2016, 12–14 February 2016, 6–8 August 2016, and 6–8 September 2017 in the solar cycle-24 period for which the data is available. Our results showed significant enhancements in TEC up to the order of 15 TECU during and after the solar flare events. We have also given a brief account of solar flare effect in TEC with and without geomagnetic disturbances, local time effects (solar zenith angle effects) and changing the location of the solar active region. In a few cases, our results revealed a delay in TEC response during the flare peak time as well as recovery time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afraimovich E. L. 2000, Radio Sci., 35, 1417

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Afraimovich E. L., Zherebtsov G. A., Smolkov G. Y. 2007, Doklady Earth Sci., 417, 1231

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony J. M., Bruce T. T. 2018, Ionosphere and thermosphere responses to extreme geomagnetic storms, Editor(s): Natalia Buzulukova, Extreme Events in Geospace; Elsevier, 493–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812700-1.00020-0

  • Barta V., Sátori, G., Berényi K. A., Kis A., Williams E. 2019, Ann. Geophys., 37, 747

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berdermann J., Kriegel, M., Banys D. et al. 2018, Space Weather, 16

  • Basak T., Chakrabarti S. K. 2013, Astrophys. Space Sci., 348, 315, 326

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies K. 1990, Ionospheric Radio, Peter Peregrinus, London, p. 580

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan R. A. 1959, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 18, 89

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Garriott O. K., da Rosa A. V., Davies M. J., Villard O. G. 1967, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6099

  • Gopalswami N., Makela P., Xie H. 2009, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 114, A3

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika R., Kalita B. R., Bhuyan P. K. 2016, J. Earth. Syst. Sci., 125, 1235

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Pajares M., Garcia-Rigo A., Juan J. M. Sanz J., Monte E., Aragon A. A. 2012, Space Weather, 10, S12001

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakowski N., Jungstand A., Schlegel K., Kohl H., Rinnert K. 1992, Can. J. Phys., 70, 575

  • Jin S., Jin R., Kutoglu H. 2017, J. Geod., 91, 613

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchengast G., Hocke K., Schlegel K. 1996, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 233243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S., Singh A. K. 2012, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 41, 141

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley R., Fedrizzi M., Paula E., Santos Mand Komjathy A. 2002, GPS World (USA), 13, 41

  • Leonovich L. A., Afraimovich E. L., Romanova E. B., Taschillin A. V. 2002, Ann. Geophys., 20, 1935

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonovich L. A., Tashchilin A. V., Portnyagina O. Y. 2010, Geomagn. Aeron., 50, 201

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Le H., Liu L., Wan W. 2012, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A03307

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Le H., Liu L., Chen Y., Wan W. 2013, J. Geophys Res. Space Phys., 118, 576

  • Li N., Lei J., Luan X., Chen J., Zhong J., Wu Q., Xu Z., Lin L. 2018, J. Atmos. Sol.- Terr. Phys., 182, 211

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Le H., Liu L., Ren Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Wan W. 2016, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 121, 832

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J. Y., Lin C. H., Chen Y. I., Lin Y. C., Fang T. W., Chen C. H., Chen Y. C., Hwang J. J. 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05308

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L. B. W., Wan X., Chen Y. D., Le H. 2011, Chin. Sci. Bull, 56, 1202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsoukas D. A., Papagiannis M. D., Aarons J., Klobuchar J. A. 1972, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 34, 1275

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama N., Richmond A. D., Fuller-Rowell T. J. et al. 2005 Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17105

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Manju G., Pant T. K., Devasia C. V., Ravindran S., Sridharan S. 2009, Ann. Geophys., 27, 3853

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannucci A. J., Wilson B. D., Ewards C. D. 1993, A new method for monitoring the Earth’s ionosphere total electron content using the GPS. global network, in Proceedings of ION. GPS-93, 1993, September 22–24; Institute of Navigation. Salt Lake City (Utah): Salt Palace Convention Center, 13231332

  • Mendillo M. 2006, Rev. Geophys., 44, RG4001

  • Mikhailov A. V., Förster M. 1997, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1429

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra A. P. 1974, Ionospheric Effects of Solar Flares, Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2231-6

  • Moffet R. J., Hanson W. B. 1965, Nature, 206, 705

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata T. 1966, J. Geomagn. Geoelect., 18, 197

  • Qian L., Burns A. G., Chamberlin P. C., Solomon S. C. 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A09311

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian L., Burns A. G., Chamberlin P. C., Solomon S. C. 2011, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 116, A10309

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian L., Burns A. G., Solomon S. C., Chamberlin P. C. 2012, Geophys. Res Lett., 39, L06101

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian L., Wang W., Burns A. G., Chamberlin P. C., Coster A., Zhang S. R., Solomon S. C. 2019, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 124, 2298

  • Rama Rao P. V. S., Gopi Krishna S., Niranjan K., Prasad D. S. V. V. D. 2006, Ann. Geophys., 24, 3279

  • Rathore V. S., Kumar S., Singh Ashutosh K., Singh A. K. 2018, Ind. J. Phys., 92, 1213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S., Galav P., Dashora N., Pandey R. 2011, Ann. Geophys., 29, 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon S. C., Qian L. 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A10306

  • Sripathi S., Balachandran N., Veenadhari B., Singh R., Emperumal K. 2013, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 118, 2648

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumod S. G., Pant, T. K. 2019, Earth Planets Space, 71, 125

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurutani B. T., Judge D. L., Guarnieri F. et al. 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 320, L03509

  • Tsugawa T., Sadakane T., Sato J., Otsuka Y., Ogawa T., Shiokawa K., Saito A. 2006, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 111, A11316

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan W., Liu L., Yuan H., Ning B., Zhang S. 2005 Adv. Space Res., 36, 2465

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yue X., Schreiner W. S., Kuo Y. H. et al. 2013, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 118, 5906

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasyukevich Y., Astafyeva E., Padokhin A., Ivanova V., Syrovatskii S., Podlesnyi A. 2018, Space Weather, 16, 1013

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D. H., Xiao Z., Igarashi K., Ma G. Y. 2002, Radio Sci., 37, 1086

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D. H., Xiao Z. 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D. H., and Xiao Z. 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A03307

  • Zhang D. H., Mo X. H., Cai L., Zhang W., Feng M., Hao Y. Q., Xiao Z. 2011, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 116, A04311

  • Zhang R., Liu L., Le H., Chen Y. 2017, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 4558

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is sponsored by the UGC–New Delhi under the DS Kothari Postdoctoral fellowship awarded to SSR vide UGC sanction No.F.4-2/2006 (BSR)/ES/17-18/0048. The work is partially supported by SERB, New Delhi, under the CRG project (File No: CRG/2019/000573) and partially by ISRO, Bengaluru, under ISRO-SSPS to BHU.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India

    Abha Singh, S. S. Rao, V. S. Rathore & A. K. Singh

  2. Department of Physics, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur, India

    Abha Singh & Sudesh K. Singh

Authors
  1. Abha Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. S. Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. S. Rathore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sudesh K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. K. Singh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, A., Rao, S.S., Rathore, V.S. et al. Effect of intense solar flares on TEC variation at low-latitude station Varanasi. J Astrophys Astron 41, 19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-020-09637-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-020-09637-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation