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Oral Microbiota and Porphyromonas gingivalis Kgp Genotypes Altered in Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Abstract

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), including PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and PD dementia. Recent studies reported the oral dysbiosis in PD and CI, respectively. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a pathogen of oral dysbiosis, plays an important role in PD, whose lysine-gingipain (Kgp) could lead to AD-type pathologies. No previous study investigated the composition of oral microbiota and role of P. gingivalis in PD-MCI. This study aimed to investigate the differences of oral microbiota composition, P. gingivalis copy number, and Kgp genotypes among PD-MCI, PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) and periodontal status-matched control (PC) groups. The oral bacteria composition, the copy number of P. gingivalis, and the Kgp genotypes in gingival crevicular fluid from PD-MCI, PD-NC, and PC were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, and MseI restriction. We found that the structures of oral microbiota in PD-MCI group were significantly different compared to that in PD-NC and PC group. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Atopobium, and Howardella were negatively correlated with cognitive score. Moreover, there was a significant difference of Kgp genotypes among the three groups. The predominant Kgp genotypes of P. gingivalis in the PD-MCI group were primarily Kgp II, whereas in the PD-NC group, it was mainly Kgp I. The Kgp II correlated with lower MMSE and MoCA scores, which suggested that Kgp genotypes II is related to cognitive impairment in PD.

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Data Availability

Raw sequencing data was deposited in the NCBI GenBank under BioProject ID PRJNA1030740.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81360198), the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong province (grant number 2021S0025, 2021S0026, and 2021S0031), and Maoming Science and Technology Special Fund Plan and Project (grant number 2020KJZX006). XZ was supported by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Maoming People’s Hospital.

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  1. Dongcheng Li, Tengchu Ren, and Hao Li are co-senior authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Maoming People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Maoming, China

    Dongcheng Li, Hao Li, Jiaxin Chen, Qishan He, Wei Lv, Hailing Liu & Xiong Zhang

  2. Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

    Tengzhu Ren

  3. Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Maoming People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Maoming, China

    Mingdi Huang

  4. Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China

    Renshi Xu

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Contributions

Xiong Zhang and Renshi Xu conceptualized and designed the study. Dongcheng Li, Tengzhu Ren, and Hao Li organize the researches. Dongcheng Li, Mingdi Huang, Jiaxin Chen, and Qishan He performed data collection and analysis. Dongcheng Li, Qishan He, and Tengzhu Ren analyzed and interpreted data. Dongcheng Li wrote the manuscript draft. Xiong Zhang and Tengzhu Ren contributed to the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hailing Liu, Renshi Xu or Xiong Zhang.

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Li, D., Ren, T., Li, H. et al. Oral Microbiota and Porphyromonas gingivalis Kgp Genotypes Altered in Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-04119-2

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