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Inhibitor of DNA Binding Protein 3 (ID3) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) Mediated Transcriptional Gene Signatures are Associated with the Severity of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

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Abstract

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy. We have previously shown that transcription regulating proteins- inhibitor of DNA binding protein 3 (ID3) and the nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) contribute to vascular dysregulation. In this study, we have identified sex specific ID3 and NRF1-mediated gene networks in CAA patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). High expression of ID3 mRNA coupled with low NRF1 mRNA levels was observed in the temporal cortex of men and women CAA patients. Low NRF1 mRNA expression in the temporal cortex was found in men with severe CAA. High ID3 expression was found in women with the genetic risk factor APOE4. Low NRF1 expression was also associated with APOE4 in women with CAA. Genome wide transcriptional activity of both ID3 and NRF1 paralleled their mRNA expression levels. Sex specific differences in transcriptional gene signatures of both ID3 and NRF1 were observed. These findings were further corroborated by Bayesian machine learning and the GeNIe simulation models. Dynamic machine learning using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) gene ordering approach revealed that ID3 was associated with disease severity in women. NRF1 was associated with CAA and severity of this disease in men. These findings suggest that aberrant ID3 and NRF1 activity presumably plays a major role in the pathogenesis and severity of CAA. Further analyses of ID3- and NRF1-regulated molecular drivers of CAA may provide new targets for personalized medicine and/or prevention strategies against CAA.

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Data Availability

The results published here are in whole or in part based on data obtained from the AD Knowledge Portal. Details of analysis used in the current study are available from the first author or corresponding author upon request. Data are made available as open- or controlled-access. The RNA-Seq datasets analyzed throughout the study are available in the AD Knowledge Portal Synapse Repository, at syn9779506 and syn5550404.

The Mayo Clinic AD-CAA study was led by Dr. Guojun Bu and Dr. Nilufer Ertekin-Taner at the, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL as part of the multi-PI RF1AG051504 (MPIs Bu and Ertekin-Taner) using samples from the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. Data collection was supported through funding by NIA grants P50AG016574, R37AG027924, Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, and support from Mayo Foundation. The Mayo RNAseq study data was led by Dr. Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL as part of the multi-PI U01 AG046139 (MPIs Golde, Ertekin-Taner, Younkin, Price). Samples were provided from the following sources: The Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. Data collection was supported through funding by NIA grants P50 AG016574, R01 AG032990, U01 AG046139, R01 AG018023, U01 AG006576, U01 AG006786, R01 AG025711, R01 AG017216, R01 AG003949, NINDS grant R01 NS080820, CurePSP Foundation, and support from Mayo Foundation. Study data includes samples collected through the Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program of Sun City, Arizona.

The microvessel microarray dataset analyzed in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus at the National Center for Biotechnology Information at GSE45596.

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Acknowledgements

This study was possible because of the participation of research volunteers and the contribution of data by collaborating researchers to the AD Knowledge Portal. This study was supported by funds from the Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, the National Science Foundation CREST Award (#1547798) and the National Institutes of Health R15 Award (1R15HL145652-01).

Funding

This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation CREST Award (#1547798 and the National Institutes of Health R15 Award (1R15HL145652-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Christian Perez performed the machine learning and causal gene order experiments as well as performed the RNA-seq analysis. He also contributed in the writing and editing of the manuscript. Zhenghua Gong contributed to the methodology of machine learning, combinatorial risk, and MCMC causal gene ordering. Changwon Yoo designed the methodology for machine learning, combinatorial risk, and causal gene ordering experiments; and contributed to the writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript. Deodutta Roy and Alok Deoraj contributed to the conceptualization, writing, and editing the manuscript. Quentin Felty provided funding, administrated the project, and contributed to the conceptualization, writing, and editing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Quentin Felty.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

This is a secondary data analysis study. The FIU Research Ethics Committee confirmed that no ethical approval was required and granted the IRB-20-0304 exemption to do a secondary data analysis of the RNA-seq obtained from the AD Knowledge Portal.

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Not applicable.

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Not applicable.

Competing Interests

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Perez, C.M., Gong, Z., Yoo, C. et al. Inhibitor of DNA Binding Protein 3 (ID3) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) Mediated Transcriptional Gene Signatures are Associated with the Severity of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Mol Neurobiol 61, 835–882 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03541-2

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