Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of reward system brain areas, such as the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), by means of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), facilitates learning and memory in rodents. MFB-ICSS has been found capable of modifying different plasticity-related proteins, but its underlying molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the longevity-associated SIRT1 protein have emerged as important regulatory molecules implicated in neural plasticity. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of MFB-ICSS on miRNAs expression and SIRT1 protein levels in hippocampal subfields and serum. We used OpenArray to select miRNA candidates differentially expressed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of ICSS-treated (3 sessions, 45′ session/day) and sham rats. We further analyzed the expression of these miRNAs, together with candidates selected after bibliographic screening (miR-132-3p, miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181c-5p) in DG, CA1, and CA3, as well as in serum, by qRT-PCR. We also assessed tissue and serum SIRT1 protein levels by Western Blot and ELISA, respectively. Expression of miR-132-3p, miR-181c-5p, miR-495-3p, and SIRT1 protein was upregulated in DG of ICSS rats (P < 0.05). None of the analyzed molecules was regulated in CA3, while miR-132-3p was also increased in CA1 (P = 0.011) and serum (P = 0.048). This work shows for the first time that a DBS procedure, specifically MFB-ICSS, modulates the levels of plasticity-related miRNAs and SIRT1 in specific hippocampal subfields. The mechanistic role of these molecules could be key to the improvement of memory by MFB-ICSS. Moreover, regarding the proposed clinical applicability of DBS, serum miR-132 is suggested as a potential treatment biomarker.
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Abbreviations
- CA:
-
Cornu Ammonis
- DBS:
-
Deep brain stimulation
- DG:
-
Dentate gyrus
- HP:
-
Hippocampus
- ICSS:
-
Intracranial self-stimulation
- LH:
-
Lateral hypothalamus
- MFB:
-
Medial forebrain bundle
- miRNA:
-
MicroRNA
- SIRT1:
-
Sirtuin1
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Anna Mercader Carceller for her technical support. Likewise, we thank Carlos Baldellou Estrada and Cristina Gerboles Freixas for their inestimable technical contribution.
Funding
Ministerio de Economía, Indústria y Competitividad (MINECO) provided financial support for the conduct of this work (grant number PSI2017-83202-C2-2-P). I. Puig-Parnau is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the University of Girona (grant number IFUdG2017/61).
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PS, LA, and SG performed MFB-ICSS procedures. IP performed molecular assays and data analyses. NF contributed in SIRT1 molecular analysis and CG in microRNA analyses. IP, EK, and GH designed the experiments and interpreted data. IP and EK were the major contributors in writing the manuscript. EK, GH, LA, and PS revised it critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agreed to be accountable in ensuring appropriate answer to questions related to the accuracy and integrity of any part of the work.
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Puig-Parnau, I., Garcia-Brito, S., Faghihi, N. et al. Intracranial Self-Stimulation Modulates Levels of SIRT1 Protein and Neural Plasticity-Related microRNAs. Mol Neurobiol 57, 2551–2562 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-01901-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-01901-w