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Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Aβ, Tau, and Epigenetic Alterations

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized in the early stages by loss of learning and memory. However, the mechanism underlying these symptoms remains unclear. The best correlation between cognitive decline and pathological changes is in synaptic dysfunction. Histopathological hallmarks of AD are the abnormal aggregation of Aβ and Tau. Evidence suggests that Aβ and Tau oligomers contribute to synaptic loss in AD. Recently, direct links between epigenetic alterations, such as dysfunction in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and synaptic pathologies have emerged, raising interest in exploring the potential roles of ncRNAs in the synaptic deficits in AD. In this paper, we summarize the potential roles of Aβ, Tau, and epigenetic alterations (especially by ncRNAs) in the synaptic dysfunction of AD and discuss the novel findings in this area.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571039, 91632114); the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China of 2014; the Program of Outstanding Youth of Hubei Province, China (2014CFA017); and the Academic Frontier Youth Team of Huazhong University of Science and Technology to Dr. Ling-Qiang Zhu.

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  1. Ke Li, Qing Wei, Fang-Fang Liu, and Fan Hu contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China

    Ke Li & Qing Wei

  2. Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430014, People’s Republic of China

    Fang-Fang Liu

  3. Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China

    Fan Hu, Ao-ji Xie & Ling-Qiang Zhu

  4. Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China

    Dan Liu

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  1. Ke Li
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Li, K., Wei, Q., Liu, FF. et al. Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Aβ, Tau, and Epigenetic Alterations. Mol Neurobiol 55, 3021–3032 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0533-3

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