Epigenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Perspective of DNA Methylation

Molecular Neurobiology volume 55, pages1026–1044(2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Research over the years has shown that causes of Alzheimer’s disease are not well understood, but over the past years, the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the developing memory formation either under pathological or physiological conditions has become clear. The term epigenetics represents the heredity of changes in phenotype that are independent of altered DNA sequences. Different studies validated that cytosine methylation of genomic DNA decreases with age in different tissues of mammals, and therefore, the role of epigenetic factors in developing neurological disorders in aging has been under focus. In this review, we summarized and reviewed the involvement of different epigenetic mechanisms especially the DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD), and autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD). Down to the minutest of details, we tried to discuss the methylation patterns like mitochondrial DNA methylation and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) methylation. Additionally, we mentioned some therapeutic approaches related to epigenetics, which could provide a potential cure for AD. Moreover, we reviewed some recent studies that validate DNA methylation as a potential biomarker and its role in AD. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the understanding of AD pathogenesis from the epigenetic perspective especially from the perspective of DNA methylation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Adil Farooq Lodhi (Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan) and Ms. Lucienne Duru (School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China) for their useful suggestions and support, which helped us completing this work. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 81671268) and Ministry of Science and Technology China (No. 2013YQ03059514).

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  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Talal Jamil Qazi, Zhenzhen Quan & Hong Qing

  2. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Asif Mir

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Qazi, T.J., Quan, Z., Mir, A. et al. Epigenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Perspective of DNA Methylation. Mol Neurobiol 55, 1026–1044 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0357-6

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Keywords

  • DNA methylation
  • Epigenetic factors
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Histone modifications
  • ncRNAs
  • mtDNA methylation