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High-Glucose-Derived Oxidative Stress-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression from Astrocytes Contributes to the Neuronal Apoptosis

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Abstract

An elevated level of glucose has been found in the blood of hyperglycemia and diabetes patients associated with several central nervous system (CNS) complications. These disorders may be due to the up-regulation of many neurotoxic mediators by host cells triggered by high glucose (HG). Moreover, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in tissue pathological changes such as brain injuries. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HG-induced HO-1 expression in brain cells remain poorly defined. Thus, we use the rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1) as a model to investigate the signaling mechanisms of HO-1 induction by HG and its effects on neuronal cells. We demonstrated that HG induced HO-1 expression via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathway. NADPH oxidase (Nox)- and mitochondrion-dependent ROS generation led to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and then activated the downstream transcriptional factors nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and c-Fos/activator protein 1 (AP-1), respectively. Subsequently, the activated NF-κB and AP-1 turned on transcription of HO-1 gene. These results indicated that in brain astrocytes, activation of MAPK-mediated NF-κB and c-Fos/AP-1 cascades by Nox/ROS and mitoROS-dependent events is essential for HO-1 up-regulation induced by HG. Moreover, we found that HG-induced extracellular ROS increase and HO-1 expression from astrocytes resulted in neuronal apoptosis. These results offers new insights into the mechanisms and effects of the action of HG, supporting that HG may cause brain disorders in the development of diabetes- and hyperglycemia-induced CNS complications such as neurodegenerative diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, Grant Number EMRPD1E1641; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Grant Numbers MOST103-2321-B-182-006, MOST104-2320-B-182-010 (CMY), and NSC102-2320-B-255-005-MY3 (HLH); and Chang Gung Medical Research Foundation, Grant Numbers CMRPD1B0383, CMRPD1C0103, CMRPD1C0563, CMRPD1B0332, and CMRPD1F0021 (CMY); CMRPF1A0063, CMRPF1C0192, CMRPF1C0193, CMRPF3D0031, and CMRPF3D0032 (HLH); and CMRPG3B1093 and CMRPG3E2231 (CCL). We thank Ms. Yin-Chen Chen for her technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Chuen-Mao Yang

  2. Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Chih-Chung Lin

  3. Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Hsi-Lung Hsieh

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  1. Chuen-Mao Yang
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Yang, CM., Lin, CC. & Hsieh, HL. High-Glucose-Derived Oxidative Stress-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression from Astrocytes Contributes to the Neuronal Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 54, 470–483 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9666-4

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