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Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica Extracts via Inhibiting Bradykinin-Induced MMP-9 Expression in Brain Astrocytes

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An Erratum to this article was published on 25 April 2016

Abstract

Phytochemicals present in vegetables, fruits, and herbs are believed to reduce the risk of several major diseases including cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. The roots of the fern Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. (Ophioglossaceae) have been used for centuries in the treatment of inflammation and as a folk medicine in several countries. The plant has been shown to possess an array of medicinal properties, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, a rising level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been found in blood fluid of these patients suffering from brain inflammatory diseases, which may be considered an inflammatory biomarker in several inflammatory diseases including the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Previously, we have demonstrated the signaling mechanisms of bradykinin (BK)-induced MMP-9 expression in brain astrocytes. Herein, we evaluate the effects of H. zeylanica extracts on BK-induced MMP-9 expression in brain astrocytes and its influencing mechanism. The results showed that H. zeylanica extracts, including E0, E1, and E2 significantly reduce MMP-9 induced by BK in brain astrocytes (RBA-1 cells). These H. zeylanica extracts can inhibit BK-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src, Pyk2, and PKC(α/δ). Moreover, BK-stimulated NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has also been attenuated by pretreatment with these extracts, suggesting that the H. zeylanica extracts have an antioxidative activity. We further demonstrated that the H. zeylanica extracts blocked activation of MAPKs (e.g., ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK) by BK. These data indicated that the H. zeylanica extracts may be has anti-inflammatory activity by reducing BK-induced ROS-dependent MMP-9 expression via these related pathways in brain astrocytes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Grant number: NSC102-2320-B-255-005-MY3; Chang Gung Medical Research Foundation, Grant number: CMRPF1C0191, CMRPF1C0192, CMRPF1C0193, CMRPF1A0063, CMRPF3D0031, and CMRPF3D0032. We thank Prof. Li-Heng Pao and Dr. Chun-Hui Chiu for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Hsi-Lung Hsieh

  2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sien-Hung Yang

  3. Stroke Center and Stroke Section, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Tsong-Hai Lee

  4. Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Jia-You Fang

  5. Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

    Chwan-Fwu Lin

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  1. Hsi-Lung Hsieh
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Correspondence to Hsi-Lung Hsieh.

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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9896-0.

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Hsieh, HL., Yang, SH., Lee, TH. et al. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica Extracts via Inhibiting Bradykinin-Induced MMP-9 Expression in Brain Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 53, 5995–6005 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9511-9

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