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Updated Findings of the Association and Functional Studies of DRD2/ANKK1 Variants with Addictions

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Abstract

Both nicotine and alcohol addictions are severe public health hazards worldwide. Various twin and family studies have demonstrated that genetic factors contribute to vulnerability to these addictions; however, the susceptibility genes and the variants underlying them remain largely unknown. Of susceptibility genes investigated for addictions, DRD2 has received much attention. Considering new evidence supporting the association of DRD2 and its adjacent gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) with various addictions, in this paper, we provide an updated view of the involvement of variants in DRD2 and ANKK1 in the etiology of nicotine dependence (ND) and alcohol dependence (AD) based on linkage, association, and molecular studies. This evidence shows that both genes are significantly associated with addictions; however the association with ANKK1 appears to be stronger. Thus, both more replication studies in independent samples and functional studies of some of these variants are warranted.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Joel Gelernter of Yale University for providing the linkage analysis result plot on chromosome 11 to this report. We also thank Dr. David L. Bronson for excellent editing of this manuscript. The preparation of this review was supported in part by the Research Center for Air Pollution and Health of Zhejiang University, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012AA020405), National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 81273223, Young Scientists Fund of National Science Foundation of China (81301140), and NIH grant DA012844.

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  1. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Yunlong Ma, Wenji Yuan, Xianzhong Jiang, Wen-Yan Cui & Ming D. Li

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Ming D. Li

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  1. Yunlong Ma
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Ma, Y., Yuan, W., Jiang, X. et al. Updated Findings of the Association and Functional Studies of DRD2/ANKK1 Variants with Addictions. Mol Neurobiol 51, 281–299 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8826-2

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