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Polarity Regulation in Migrating Neurons in the Cortex

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Abstract

The formation of the cerebral cortex requires migration of billions of cells from their birth position to their final destination. A motile cell must have internal polarity in order to move in a specified direction. Locomotory polarity requires the coordinated polymerization of cytoskeletal elements such as microtubules and actin combined with regulated activities of the associated molecular motors. This review is focused on migrating neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, which need to attain internal polarity in order to reach their proper target. The position and dynamics of the centrosome plays an important function in this directed motility. We highlight recent interesting findings connecting polarity proteins with neuronal migration events regulated by the microtubule-associated molecular motor, cytoplasmic dynein.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank past and current lab members for useful discussions. The work has been supported in part by the Israeli Science Foundation (grant no. 270/04, and equipment grant), by the Legacy Heritage Biomedical program of the Israel Science Foundation (1062/08), Foundation Jérôme Lejeune, Minerva foundation with funding from the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research, the German–Israeli collaboration grant Gr-1905, a grant from the March of Dimes, #6-FY07-388, a grant from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation BSF #2007081, the Benoziyo Center for Neurological diseases, the Forcheimer center, the Weizmann–Pasteur collaborative grant, a research grant from the Michigan Women of Wisdom fund to support Weizmann Women scientists, support from Mr. Maurice Janin, the Jewish communal fund Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, and the David and Fela Shapell Family Center for Genetic Disorders Research. O.R. is an Incumbent of the Berstein–Mason professorial chair of Neurochemistry.

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    Orly Reiner & Tamar Sapir

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Reiner, O., Sapir, T. Polarity Regulation in Migrating Neurons in the Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 40, 1–14 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-009-8065-0

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