Abstract
Over the past few years, hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn a lot of interest due to their remarkable properties. Nonetheless, the lead toxicity and instability issues make it difficult for PSC to become commercially viable. The less toxic and stable nature of silver bismuth iodide (Ag–Bi–I) makes it a promising material for photovoltaic applications. Nevertheless, almost all these solar cells are constructed with a mesoporous architecture that includes costlier and unstable hole-transport layers (HTLs) in addition to noble metal electrodes. Herein, we fabricate the carbon-based AgBiI4 solar cell without HTL and by introducing HCl acid as an additive, the film quality has been enhanced and the solar cell displays a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.04% and Jsc of 3.91 mA cm−2. It was observed that the quality of the film has been boosted by the utilization of HCl as a chlorine source. Thus, our findings pave the way for the cost-efficient and easy fabrication of lead-free solar cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Islam M B, Yanagida M, Shirai Y, Nabetani Y and Miyano K 2019 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 195 323
Cao Y, Liu Z, Li W, Zhao Z, Xiao Z, Lei B et al 2021 Sol. Energy 220 251
Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y and Miyasaka T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 6050
Wu T, Qin Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen W, Zhang S et al 2021 Nano-Micro Lett. 13 152
Wan J, Yu X, Zou J, Li K, Chen L, Peng Y et al 2021 Sol. Energy 226 85
Liang L and Gao P 2018 Adv. Sci. 5 1700331
Noel N K, Stranks S D, Abate A, Wehrenfennig C, Guarnera S, Haghighirad A A et al 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 3061
Krishnamoorthy T, Ding H, Yan C, Leong W L, Baikie T, Zhang Z et al 2015 J. Mater. Chem. A 3 23829
Babayigit A, Thanh D D, Ethirajan A, Manca J, Muller M, Boyen H G et al 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 18721
Jin Z, Zhang Z, Xiu J, Song H, Gatti T and He Z 2020 J. Mater. Chem. A. 8 16166
Ghosh B, Wu B, Mulmdi H K, Guet C, Weber K, Sum T C et al 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 35000
Debbichi L, Lee S, Cho H, Rappe A M, Hong K H, Jang M S et al 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1707001
Kim Y, Yang Z, Jain A, Voznyy O, Kim G H, Liu M et al 2016 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55 9586
Oldag T, Aussieker T, Keller H L, Preitschaft C and Pfitzner A 2005 Z. fur Anorg. Allg. Chem. 631 677
Turkevych I, Kazaoui S, Ito E, Urano T, Yamada K, Tomiyasu H et al 2017 ChemSusChem 10 3754
Khazaee M, Sardashti K, Chung C C, Sun J P, Zhou H, Bergmann E et al 2019 J. Mater. Chem. A 7 2095
Wu M C, Wang Q H, Hsiao K C, Chen S H, Ho C M, Jao M H et al 2022 Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 10 100275
Zhu H, Pan M, Johansson M B and Johansson E M 2017 ChemSusChem 10 2592
Lu C, Zhang J, Sun H, Hou D, Gan X, Shang M H et al 2018 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1 4485
Jung K W, Sohn M R, Lee H M, Yang I S, Do Sung S, Kim J et al 2018 Sustain. Energy Fuels 2 294
Ghosh B, Wu B, Guo X, Harikesh P C, John R A, Baikie T et al 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1802051
Pai N, Lu J, Gengenbach T R, Seeber A, Chesman A S, Jiang L et al 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1803396
Zhang Q, Wu C, Qi X, Lv F, Zhang Z, Liu Y et al 2019 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2 3651
Zhai W, Huang L, Cui X, Li G, Zhang Z, Chen P et al 2022 J. Mater. Chem. C 10 5321
Yu F, Wang L, Ren K, Yang S, Xu Z, Han Q et al 2020 ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8 9980
Grandhi G K, Al-Anesi B, Pasanen H, Ali-Löytty H, Lahtonen K, Granroth S et al 2022 Small 18 2203768
Xiong H, DeLuca G, Bach U, Jiang L, Zhang Q, Reichmanis E et al 2020 ACS Omega 5 32295
Li G, Zhang T and Zhao Y 2015 J. Mater. Chem. A 3 19674
Chen J and Park N G 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1803019
Yang L, Wang J and Leung W W 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 14614
Shin J, Kim M, Jung S, Kim C S, Park J, Song A et al 2018 Nano Res. 11 6283
Zhu W, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Chang J et al 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1802080
Dharani S, Dewi H A, Prabhakar R R, Baikie T, Shi C, Yonghua D et al 2014 Nanoscale 6 13854
Qing J, Chandran H T, Cheng Y H, Liu X K, Li H W, Tsang S W et al 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 23110
Yang D, Zhou X, Yang R, Yang Z, Yu W, Wang X et al 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 3071
Fan L, Ding Y, Luo J, Shi B, Yao X, Wei C et al 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 7423
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Department of Atomic Energy-Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (58/14/15/2020-BRNS/37213), Government of India, for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Vasanth, B., Isaac Daniel, R., Govindaraj, R. et al. Fabrication of carbon-based, lead-free AgBiI4 Rudorffite solar cell with HCl as an additive. Bull Mater Sci 47, 36 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03108-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03108-w