Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photocatalytic degradation capability of SnO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst vs. malachite green dye: factorial design, kinetic and isotherm models

  • Published:
Bulletin of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic cationic dye extensively utilized in the textile industry for colouring purposes. It is a mutagenic agent and potentially carcinogenic for living organisms in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to treat and discharge the industrial effluents covering MG to avoid irreversible and serious effects on both living organisms and the environment. The photocatalyst SnO2 was synthesized by a new method by complexation of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate with tin dichloride pentahydrate, followed by calcination at 450, 600 and 750°C and utilized for photocatalytic degradation of MG dye. The better degradation was obtained at calcination temperature 600°C. The fluorescent light exposure resulted better degradation % of MG dye within 20 min, and the absorbance measurements were noted after every 5 min. The degradation of MG dye improved with an increase in the dose of SnO2 photocatalyst up to 20 mg. The highest decomposition of MG dye was found at 10 pH which may be due to deprotonation. The effects of Na+, HCO3−, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, SO42− and Mg2+ on dye degradation were examined and results showed that the salts had no effect on degradation. The kinetics and isothermic studies were carried out where the kinetic model pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm were highly fitted. The factorial design was also drawn to checked the combined effects of variables, such as pH, dose, concentration and irradiation time on the degradation of MG dye.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gupta V K, Ali I and Saini V K 2007 Water Res. 41 3307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhu H, Jiang R, Fu Y, Guan Y, Yao J, Xiao L and Zeng G 2012 Desalination 286 41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Crini G 2006 Bio tech 97 1061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Daneshvar N, Salari D and Khataee A R 2003 J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 157 111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Haque E, Jun J W and Jhung S H 2011 J. Haz. Mater. 185 507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shi B, Li G, Wang D, Feng C and Tang H 2007 J. Haz. Mater. 143 567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Haque A, Shamsuzzoha M, Hussain F and Dean D 2003 J. Comp. Mater. 37 1821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee Y Y, Moon J H, Choi Y S, Park G O, Jin M, Jin L Y et al 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 5137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chu X, Han Y, Zhou S and Shui H 2010 Cer. Inter. 36 2175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Z, Zhu L, Sun S, Wang J and Yan W 2021 Chemosensors 9 198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang S, Yin B, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Qu F and Wu X 2014 Appl. Surf. Sci. 305 626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hieda K, Hyodo T, Shimizu Y and Egashira M 2008 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 133 144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Vuong D D, Hien V X, Trung K Q and Chien N D 2011 Physica E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 44 345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. George A, Raj D M A, Venci X, Raj A D, Irudayaraj A A, Josephine R L et al 2022 Environ. Res. 203 111880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Abbasi S 2019 Environ. Monit. Assess. 191 (4) 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Taghavi M, Ghaneian M T, Ehrampoush M H, Tabatabaee M, Afsharnia M, Alami A et al 2018 E M and A 190 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sabouri Z, Akbari A, Hosseini H A and Darroudi M 2018 J. Mol. Struct. 1173 931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mishra S and Maiti A 2019 E M and A 191 1

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sudova E, Machova J, Svobodova Z and Vesely T 2007 Vet. Med. 52 527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rathore R, Ameta R and Ameta S C 2014 Acta Chim. Pharm. Indica 4 213

    Google Scholar 

  21. Srivastava S, Sinha R and Roy D 2004 Aquat. Toxicol. 66 319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Verdon E and Andersen W C 2016 Chem. Anal. Non-antimicrob. Vet. Drug Residues Food 11 497

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang H, Liu D, Ren S and Zhang H 2017 Res. Chem. Intermed. 43 1529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lanjwani M F, Khuhawar M Y, Khuhawar T M J, Lanjwani A H, Memon S Q et al 2022 J. Chem. Sci. 33 1

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tomaszewska E, Soliwoda K, Kadziola K, Tkacz-Szczesna B, Celichowski G, Cichomski M et al 2013 J. Nanomater. 2013 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hoo C M, Starostin N, West P and Mecartney M L 2008 J. Nano. Res. 10 89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Xu R 2008 Particuology 6 112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Groiss S, Selvaraj R, Varadavenkatesan T and Vinayagam R 2017 J. Mol. Struct. 1128 572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Janaki A C, Sailatha E and Gunasekaran S 2015 Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 144 17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Honarmand M, Golmohammadi M and Naeimi A 2019 Adv. Powder Technol. 30 1551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Luque P A, Nava O, Soto-Robles C A, Chinchillas-Chinchillas M J, Garrafa-Galvez H E, Baez-Lopez Y A et al 2020 Optik 206 164299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Naje A N, Norry A S and Suhail A M 2013 IJIRSET 2 7068

    Google Scholar 

  33. Altunay N, Elik A, Lanjwani M F and Tuzen M 2022 Microchem. J. 179 107541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Lanjwani M F, Altunay N and Tuzen M 2023 Food Chem. 400 134085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bingol D, Tekin N and Alkan M 2010 Appl. Clay Sci. 50 315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Taymaz B H, Kamis H and Yoldas O 2022 Environ. Eng. Res. 27 153

    Google Scholar 

  37. Elkady M F and Hassan H S 2021 Polymers 13 2033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Devi S A, Singh K J and Devi K N 2020 Inte. Ferroelectrics 205 38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang J, Xu X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Chen H and Li H 2019 Colloids Surf. A: Phys. Eng. Asp. 582 123858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Medidi S, Markapurapu S, Kotupalli M R, Chinnam R K R, Susarla V M, Gandham H B et al 2018 Modern Res. Catalysis 7 17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hussein A S and Fairooz N Y 2016 J. Uni. Babylon 24 9

    Google Scholar 

  42. Baeissa E S 2016 J. Alloy Comp. 672 564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Pérez-Alvarez J, Solis Casados D A, Romero S and Escobar-Alarcón L 2014 Adv. Mater. Res. 976 212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Yang Y C, Wang X Z and Qu J 2014 Adv. Mater. Mater. 522 411

    Google Scholar 

  45. Tolia J, Chakraborty M and Murthy Z V P 2012 Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 14 16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Lu A and Zhang W 2011 Int. J. Photoenergy 2012 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen C C, Lu C S, Chung Y C and Jan J L 2007 J. Haz. Mater. 141 520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors said thanks to University of Sindh for provided laboratory space.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr M A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani & Muhammad Yar Khuhawar

  2. Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan

    Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar, Saima Ameen Ghoto & Waheed Ali Soomro

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, 77170, Pakistan

    Abdul Hameed Lanjwani

Authors
  1. Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdul Hameed Lanjwani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Saima Ameen Ghoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Waheed Ali Soomro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 86 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lanjwani, M.F., Khuhawar, M.Y., Lanjwani, A.H. et al. Photocatalytic degradation capability of SnO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst vs. malachite green dye: factorial design, kinetic and isotherm models. Bull Mater Sci 47, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03070-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03070-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation