Abstract
Micromagnetic simulations were performed on seven isolated CrO2 discs, each having different orientations of easy axis of magnetization (EAM), but, same 100 nm diameter and 50 nm thickness. The simulation results showed that for an external magnetic field applied along the x-axis, there was no emergence of vortex states corresponding to the relative orientations of the easy axis along [1 0 0], [1 1 0], [1 0 1] and [1 1 1]. Whereas, magnetic vortex states emerged for the relative orientations of the easy axis along [0 1 0], [0 0 1] and [0 1 1]. In another words, for the external field applied along the x-axis, if the relative orientation of the EAM is at θ = 0° or any proximity of 45° (i.e., 0° ≥ θ ≤ 55°), the vortex states did not emerge; but, for any orthogonal orientations (θ = 90°), magnetic vortex states emerged. For the easy axis orientation along [0 1 0] and [0 1 1], out-of-plane vortex states with its core magnetization pointing along the normal to the plane of the disc emerged. However, for the easy axis orientation along [0 0 1], in-plane magnetic vortex states emerged, with its core pointing along the applied magnetic field direction. Further, depending on the relative orientation of the applied magnetic field and its strength, various other magnetization configurations, such as C, S and O states, were obtained in the simulations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cullity B D and Graham C D 2009 Introduction to magnetic materials 2nd edn (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Coey J M D 2009 Magnetism and magnetic materials 1st edn (New York: Cambridge University Press)
Usov N A and Peschany S E 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 118 L290
Antos R, Otani Y C and Shibata J 2008 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77 031004
de Araujo C I L, Alves S G, Buda-Prejbeanu L D and Dieny B 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 024015
Yamada K, Kasai S, Nakatani Y, Kobayashi K, Kohno H, Thiaville A et al 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 269
Suess D, Hofmann A B, Satz A, Weitensfelder H, Vogler C, Bruckner F et al 2018 Nat. Electron. 1 362
Skirdkov P N, Popkov A F and Zvezdin K A 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 242403
Usov N A, Nesmeyanov M S and Tarasov V P 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1224
Davide B and Coey J M D 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17D138
Shinjo T, Okuno T, Hassdorf R, Shigeto K and Ono T 2000 Science 289 930
Schneider M, Hoffmann H, Otto S, Haug Th and Zweck J 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 92 1466
Jausovec A-V, Xiong G and Cowburn R P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 052501
Jonathan K H, Riccardo H and Kirschner J 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 224432
Jonathan K H, Riccardo H and Kirschner J 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 064418
Martínez-Pérez M J, Müller B, Lin J, Rodríguez L A, Snoeck E, Kleiner R et al 2020 Nanoscale 12 2587
Balamurugan K, Siva Sankaran P S and Manivannan S 2020 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 494 165845
Rameeva B Z, Gupta A, Miao G, Xiao G, Yildiz F, Tagirov L R et al 2005 Tech. Phys. Lett. 31 802
Wysin G M 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 376002
Depondt P, Lévy J-C S and Mamica S 2013 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 25 466001
Leliaert J and Mulkers J 2019 J. Appl. Phys. 125 180901
Donahue M J and Porter D G 1999 OOMMF user’s guide, version 1.0 NISTIR 6376, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (http://math.nist.gov/oommf).
Wongsam M A and Chantrell R W 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 152 234
Qiang Z, Li Y, Nurmikko A V, Miao G X, Xiao G and Gupta A 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 7527
Lee R A and Donald D S 1997 Tetrahedron Lett. 38 3857
Few C S, Williams K R and Wagener K B 2014 Tetrahedron Lett. 55 4452
Lee R A 1996 U.S. and foreign patents applied for; EP-735014-A1, JP08277231-A
Anger G, Halstenberg J, Hochgeschwender K, Scherhag C, Korallus U, Knopf H et al 2012 Chromium compounds, Ullmann’s encyclopaedia of industrial chemistry 9 157
Schwarz K 1986 J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 16 L211
Heinig N F, Jalili H and Leung K T 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 253102
Xiaojing Z 2010 PhD Thesis (Brown University, Rhode Island)
Singh G P, Ram S, Eckert J and Fecht H-J 2009 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 144 012110
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, for funding under the scheme of National Mission for Higher Education (Rashtriya Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyan—RUSA 2.0).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Balamurugan, K., Ravi, G. Easy axis orientation dependence of the micromagnetic properties of CrO2 nanodiscs. Bull Mater Sci 44, 59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02351-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02351-3